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HL · 2022年02月21日

underemployed 和 discouraged worker

NO.PZ2021052601000018

问题如下:

A decrease in both the labor force participation ratio and the unemployment rate is most likely caused by:

选项:

A.an increase in discouraged workers. B.an increase in underemployed workers. C.a decrease in voluntarily unemployed persons.

解释:

A is correct. Discouraged workers have given up seeking employment and are statistically outside the labor force. Therefore, an increase in discouraged workers will decrease the labor force and thus the labor participation ratio, which is the ratio of labor force to total working age population. Additionally, an increase in discouraged workers will decrease the unemployment rate because discouraged workers are not counted in the official unemployment rate.

灰心丧气的工人放弃了找工作,统计数据显示他们不在劳动力大军之中。因此,这类工人的增加会降低劳动力,从而降低劳动参与率,即劳动力与总劳动年龄人口的比率下降。此外,此类工人的增加将降低失业率,因为它们不计入官方失业率。

在计算unemployment rate 和 labor force participation rate,underemployment 和 discouraged worker 的增加,对两个公式结果的影响不是一样样的吗?

1 个答案
已采纳答案

笛子_品职助教 · 2022年02月22日

嗨,爱思考的PZer你好:


劳动参与率 = 劳动力/劳动适龄人口

因为劳动适龄人口总数是在短期不会有显著变化,因此劳动参与率下降,就意味着劳动力下降。


如果气馁工人数量增加,因为气馁工人已经放弃了找工作,因此,不属于失业人员,也不属于劳动力。

失业率 = 失业人口/劳动力

新的失业率 = (原先失业人口 - 新增的气馁工人)/(原先的劳动力 - 新增的气馁工人)


由于失业人口是分子,一定会小于劳动力这个分母,在分子<分母时,分子分母同时减少一个相同的绝对数,除下来的结果会变小。

举个例子:

我们假设原来的失业率,失业人口10万人,劳动力100万人。则失业率 = 10/100=10%

现在新增了2万名气馁工人,新的失业率 = (10-2)/(100-2) = 8/98 =8.16%

新的失业率变小了。

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