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moon · 2022年02月21日

问题目

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NO.PZ201909280100000901

问题如下:

Which of the IC member’s statements regarding hedge fund strategies is incorrect?

选项:


A.Statement 1 B.

Statement 2

C.

Statement 3

解释:

B is correct. Statement 2 is incorrect: Event-driven strategies, such as merger arbitrage, tend to be exposed to some natural equity market beta risk. Overall market risk can potentially disrupt a merger’s consummation (though hedging may be possible). To the extent that deals are more likely to fail in market stress periods, event-driven merger arbitrage strategies have market sensitivity and left-tail risk attributes. Also, while event-driven strategies may have less beta exposure than simple, long-only beta allocations, the higher hedge fund fees effectively result in a particularly expensive form of embedded beta. Equity market-neutral strategies do use a relative value approach, because such strategies hold balanced long and short equity exposures to maintain zero (or close to zero) net exposure to the equity market and such factors as sector and size. Also, opportunistic strategies do have risk exposure to market directionality, also called trendiness.

A is incorrect because equity market-neutral strategies do use a relative value approach. Equity market-neutral strategies hold balanced long and short equity exposures to maintain zero (or close to zero) net exposure to the equity market and such factors as sector and size (i.e., market cap). They then focus on, for example, pairs of long and short securities whose prices are out of historical alignment and are expected to experience mean reversion. To take advantage of idiosyncratic short-term mispricing between securities whose prices should otherwise be co-integrated, equity market-neutral hedge fund strategies take opposite (i.e., long and short) positions in similar or related equities that have divergent valuations, while also attempting to maintain a near net zero portfolio exposure to the market.

C is incorrect because opportunistic strategies do have risk exposure to market directionality, also called trendiness. Opportunistic strategies are based on macro themes and multi-asset relationships on a global basis; therefore, broad themes, global relationships, market trends, and cycles affect their returns. Generally, the key source of returns in global macro strategies revolves around correctly discerning and capitalizing on trends in global markets. For example, global macro managers typically hold views on trends in inflation (among other things). Global macro strategies are typically top down and use a range of macroeconomic and fundamental models to express a view regarding the direction or relative value of an asset or asset class. If the hedge fund manager is making a directional bet, then directional models will use fundamental data regarding a specific market or asset to determine whether it is undervalued or overvalued relative to history and the expected macro trend.

事件驱动的策略,如并购套利,往往面临一些自然的股票市场贝塔风险。 整体市场风险可能会扰乱合并的完成(尽管可能进行对冲)。 就交易在市场压力时期更容易失败而言,事件驱动的并购套利策略具有市场敏感性和左尾风险属性。 此外,事件驱动策略的 Beta 敞口可能比简单的、只做多头的 Beta 配置少。 股票市场中性策略确实使用相对价值方法,因为此类策略持有平衡的多头和空头股票敞口,以保持对股票市场的净敞口为零(或接近于零)以及作为行业和规模的factor。 此外,opportunistic strategies主要靠市场方向性的风险敞口,也称为趋势性。

  1. 为什么股票市场中性策略,是用相对价值方法?可以举例下吗
  2. 事件驱动策略,不太明白:(1)左尾风险属性?(2)Beta 敞口可能比简单的、只做多头的 Beta 配置少?


2 个答案

伯恩_品职助教 · 2022年02月23日

嗨,爱思考的PZer你好:


同学你好,老师回答了哦

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加油吧,让我们一起遇见更好的自己!

伯恩_品职助教 · 2022年02月22日

嗨,努力学习的PZer你好:


市场中性策略是用相对价值法,因为没有贝塔了,只赚取多空之间回归值的价差。比如中石油和中石化一直差价是3元,突然中石油从12元变到15元,中石化从9元 变到8元,差价从3元变到了7,那做多中石化做空中石油,赚取7-3=4的差价。上面举的例子是一个市场中性策略的pair trade的例子,Equity market-neutral strategies 的核心是做多低估的做空高估,把β完成对冲掉,所以只赚取之间的相对估值回归的部分,所以是用的a relative value approach。

标准差对均值的正负偏差不做区分,任何远离均值的偏差都被作为风险处理。左尾风险则要求对非正态分布的左尾部分给予更多关注。也就是说从正态分布的角度来说,大部分都是普通,极好和极差都很少,比如某个班男生身高大多是170到180,高于190的如果算好事就是右尾,低于150算坏事,那么就是左尾,右尾和左尾发生概率都很低,左尾风险就是指发生左尾的概率比正态分布的要多。

事件驱动策略,一个做多一个做空,比如做多中石油做空中石化,那么就把市场的β对冲完了,只剩中石油和中石化之间的差价了。

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努力的时光都是限量版,加油!

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