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Zunniyaki · 2021年10月14日

老师,请问这句话能翻译下么?

* 问题详情,请 查看题干

NO.PZ201601050100000103

问题如下:

3. The fund manager of Portfolio B is evaluating an internally-managed 100% foreign-currency hedged strategy.

Discuss two forms of trading costs associated with this currency management strategy.

选项:

解释:

Any two of the following four points is acceptable:

Trading requires dealing on the bid/offer spread offered by dealers. Dealer profit margin is based on these spreads. Maintaining a 100% hedge will require frequent rebalancing of minor changes in currency movements and could prove to be expensive. "Churning" the hedge portfolio would progressively add to hedging costs and reduce the hedge's benefits.

A long position in currency options involves an upfront payment. If the options expire out-of-the- money, this is an unrecoverable cost.

Forward contracts have a maturity date and need to be "rolled" forward with an FX swap transaction to maintain the hedge. Rolling hedges typically generate cash inflows and outflows, based on movements in the spot rate as well as roll yield. Cash may have to be raised to settle the hedging transactions (increases the volatility in the organization‘s cash accounts). The management of these cash flow costs can accumulate and become a large portion of the portfolio‘s value, and they become more expensive for cash outflows as interest rates increase.

Hedging requires maintaining the necessary administrative infrastructure for trading (personnel and technology systems). These overhead costs can become a significant portion of the overall costs of currency trading.

中文解析:

对冲成本包括交易成本和机会成本两种,本题考察的是交易成本。主要包括四点:

1. 交易要求在交易商提供的买卖价差上进行交易。经销商的利润是基于这些价差。维持100%的对冲将需要经常对汇率变动的微小变化进行再平衡,而且可能代价高昂。再平衡的时候也会增加对冲成本,降低对冲收益。

2. 期权需要支付期权费,如果到期期权处于OTM的状态,没有被行权的话,这笔期权费将会成为一种无法收回的成本。

3.使用远期合约进行对冲时,因为远期合约有到期日,需要不断向前滚动展期,展期的过程中会产生现金流入和流出。如果产生的是现金的流入,则会增加收益降低成本,但是如果产生的是现金的流出就会增加成本。

4.行政管理费用。对冲需要维护必要的交易管理基础设施(人事和技术系统)。这些间接成本可能会成为交易总成本的重要组成部分。

第三条:Cash may have to be raised to settle the hedging transactions (increases the volatility in the organization‘s cash accounts). The management of these cash flow costs can accumulate and become a large portion of the portfolio‘s value, and they become more expensive for cash outflows as interest rates increase. 这句话请问怎么理解?forward到期需要结算,产生正的或者负的现金流么?增加了机构现金账户的波动性,后面为什么说利率越高,现金流流出的成本就越高呢?



1 个答案
已采纳答案

Hertz_品职助教 · 2021年10月15日

嗨,爱思考的PZer你好:


同学你好~

这里讲的利率变高,cash outflow 变多,成本变贵。说的是在我们在使用forward合约进行外汇管理的时候,如果涉及到不断滚动合约,就是有roll 的过程时,我们需要先平仓,再开进入一份新的合约,在这个过程中因为我们是在现货市场上买入标的去平掉之前的short forward的头寸,二者的价格不等,就会产生现金流的流入或者流出了。

而不断地平仓就会产生一系列的现金流,这部分现金流是需要进行管理的,如果恰逢市场利率在上升,说明我们手里的cash失去了获得更高收益的机会,换个角度,成本在增加。对应The management of these cash flow costs can accumulate and become a large portion of the portfolio‘s value, and they become more expensive for cash outflows as interest rates increase.

这部分内容在讲义中也有涉及哈,在基础班讲义43页哈,



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虽然现在很辛苦,但努力过的感觉真的很好,加油!

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