NO.PZ2016012101000222
问题如下：
Which of the following would most likely signal that a company may be using aggressive accrual accounting policies to shift current expenses to later periods? Over the last five-year period, the ratio of cash flow to net income has:
选项：
A. increased each year.
B. decreased each year.
C. fluctuated from year to year.
解释：
B is correct.
If the ratio of cash flow to net income for a company is consistently below 1 or has declined repeatedly over time, this may be a signal of manipulation of information in financial reports through aggressive accrual accounting policies. When net income is consistently higher than cash provided by operations, one possible explanation is that the company may be using aggressive accrual accounting policies to shift current expenses to later periods.
问下面哪个选项是公司有可能推迟确认费用的信号
当公司故意推迟确认费用，那么当期的净利润会上升，但现金的支付是实实在在的，也就是说现金已经支付，CF下降，净利润上升，所以当公司推迟确认费用，CF/NI比率会下降
如果费用已经是支付状态了，cash flow 与未推迟确认费用相比也并没有变化吧，所以是不是cf不变，但是NI会因为推迟确认费用而变高，所以ratio是降低的？