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袁子钦 · 2021年02月15日

请问表一中的P值,跟T—有什么关系吗?

NO.PZ2015120204000022

问题如下:

lExcess stock market returnt=a0+a1Default spreadt1 +a2Term spreadt1 +a3Pres party dummyt1 +e{l}Excess\text{ }stock\text{ }market\text{ }return_t\\=a_0+a_1Default\text{ }spread_{t-1}\text{ }+a_2Term\text{ }spread_{t-1}\text{ }+a_3Pres\text{ }party\text{ }dummy_{t-1}\text{ }+e

Default spread is equal to the yield on Baa bonds minus the yield on Aaa bonds. Term spread is equal to the yield on a 10-year constant-maturity US Treasury index minus the yield on a 1-year constant-maturity US Treasury index. Pres party dummy is equal to 1 if the US President is a member of the Democratic Party and 0 if a member of the Republican Party.

The regression is estimated with 431 observations.

Exhibit 1.Multiple Regression Output

Exhibit 2. Table of the Student’s t-Distribution (One-Tailed Probabilities for df = )

The 95 percent confidence interval for the regression coefficient for the default spread is closest to:

选项:

A.

0.13 to 5.95.

B.

1.72 to 4.36.

C.

1.93 to 4.15.

解释:

B is correct.

The confidence interval is computed as a1±s(a1)×(95%,)a_1\pm s(a_1)\times(95\%,\infty). From Exhibit 1, a1 = 3.04 and t(a1) = 4.52, resulting in a standard error of a1 = s(a1) = 3.04/4.52 = 0.673. The critical value for t from Exhibit 3 is 1.96 for p = 0.025. The confidence interval for a1 is 3.04 ± 0.673 × 1.96 = 3.04 ± 1.31908 or from 1.72092 to 4.35908.

表一中,P值得作用是什么呢?不太明白为什么要用3.04/t-sta值,来计算。

1 个答案
已采纳答案

星星_品职助教 · 2021年02月15日

同学你好,

p-value的用途是看是否拒绝原假设。例如本题,p<0.01意味着只要significant level超过0.01,就可以拒绝原假设(原假设为H0:系数=0),即自变量“Default spread”所对应的系数不为0.

这道题里并不需要判断是否拒绝原假设,所以p-value这个条件用不到。

--------------------

这道题要求计算置信区间,所以需要用到系数估计量的标准差即标准误(参见讲义截图的置信区间公式)。而3.04/t-statistics的计算目的就是要求出标准误(即讲义公式中的:Sb1 cap)。

t统计量=(系数估计量-0)/标准误,所以标准误=系数估计量/t统计量=3.04/4.52= 0.673。进而代入置信区间的公式,得到置信区间为3.04±1.96×0.673。

(要注意 t统计量=系数估计量/标准误 的这个公式只有当原假设为H0:系数=0时才适用。如果题干给出了和本题Exhibit 1一样的表格,就可以使用这个公式)


附置信区间公式:

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