问题如下：
Which of the following statements regarding credit contract frictions is incorrect?
选项：
A.Asymmetric information: when one party has different information to another or possesses greater material knowledge than the other party. For example, in credit transactions, the borrower has much better and more information about his financial state than the lender.
B.Risk shifting: when we transfer the risks and rewards to another market participants who have different positions in the capital structure. For example, investment decisions that maximize shareholder value, shareholders will benefit from increasing risk to the firm’s assets. At the same time, the bondholders’ return is fixed, but their risk increases. Thus, the risk is transferred from shareholders to debtholders.
C.Adverse selection: when transaction parties possess asymmetric information. the seller of an asset will have better information than buyers
D.Externalitiesare the cost or benefit that affects a party who did not choose to incur that cost or benefit. A classic example is the Prisoner’s Dilemma in game theory
解释：
答案：D is correct
解析：这道题是让选出关于 credit contract frictions陈述错误的一项。A/B/C三个选项正确。D选项错误。
D中Prisoner’s Dilemma in game theory反映出来的Frictions是: Collective action problems (coordination failures)
你好，能解释下risk-shifting的概念吗，我没有看懂B的解释
