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小悟空 · 2020年05月29日

问一道题:NO.PZ2018062016000091

问题如下:

Given a discrete random variable Y, the set of all the possible Y value is Y = {20,21,22,23,24,25}.

The estimated value of cumulative distribution function is in the table, what is the probability that Y takes 23 or 25?

选项:

A.

0.50

B.

0.45

C.

0.75

解释:

A is correct. 

F(23) = P(Y≤ 23) = p(20) + p(21) + p(22) + p(23) = 0.55. F(22) = P(Y≤ 22) = p(20) + p(21) + p(22) = 0.30. So p(23) = 0.55-0.30 = 0.25.

For the same reason, F(25) = 1.00, F(24) = 0.75, p(25) = 1.00-0.75 = 0.25.

The probability that Y takes 23 or 25 = p(23) + p(25) = 0.25+0.25 = 0.50

老师你好,请问F(23)-F(22)的值是代表22和23之间的面积,为什么可以写成p(23),一个具体的值啊?

1 个答案
已采纳答案

星星_品职助教 · 2020年05月29日

同学你好,

由于Y是“ discrete random variable ”,对于离散型随机变量,只在对应的点上有概率值,点和点之间是没有其他概率值的。

以本题为例,F22是Y=20,Y=21,Y=22三个单点值的加和,而F23是Y=20,Y=21,Y=22,Y=23四个单点值的加和。点和点之间(例如22和23两个点之间是没有其他值的)。所以F(23)-F(22)就是P(Y=23)的概率,也就是P(Y=23)=F(23)-F(22)=0.55-0.30=0.25,同理,F(25)-F(24)就是P(Y=25)=1-0.75=0.25

由于P(y=23)和P(Y=25)这两件事互斥,所以P(y=23 orY=25)就等于P(Y=23)+P(Y=25)=0.25+0.25=0.5

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注:如果本题给的是连续型随机变量,则是22和23两点之间就是有概率的了

星星_品职助教 · 2020年05月31日

加油~

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