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Emma · 2019年09月09日

问一道题:NO.PZ2017092702000006 [ CFA I ]

问题如下图:

选项:

A. 对于I的计算有点混乱。理解题目中是“按照年利率3%每天复利计息”

那就是3%/365=I?为何又算EAR?

B.

C.

解释:

1 个答案
已采纳答案

星星_品职助教 · 2019年09月09日

同学你好,

你问的问题主要是对于有效年利率(EAR)的理解。这是一个非常非常重要的概念,我逐步详细的跟你说一下:

首先要理解stated annual rate和“有效”年利率(EAR)的区别。为了描述方面,以下就用名义上的年利率来代指stated annual rate,注意这里不是nominal rate的意思。

各种金融产品的期限不同,未必是正好一年,所以3个月产品其实有个3个月的对应利率,9个月产品有9个月利率,这些利率由于对应期限不同,没法相互比较。所以金融机构为了方便投资者比较,就把所有的利率都简单做了处理,都变成一年的形式,这样孰高孰低一目了然(就好比平常在银行看到的理财产品利率,明明期限不满一年,却给了个年化收益率,就是这个缘故)。处理后的利率就是名义上的年利率(stated annual rate)。

而这个处理过程就是一个直截了当的乘除关系,比如这个产品是3个月的,对应3个月的利率是1%,那么stated annual rate就是1%*4=4%。

所以如果反过来想,一个产品的名义年利率是4%,如果是按季度计息,其实一个季度的收益只有1%。

以上简单总结一句就是:利率是对应着期限的。

所以这道题里,3%是一个名义上的年利率,由于计息频率是每日计息,所以你列出来的3%/365是每日的实际利息。并且由于复利滚动的缘故,每日产生的利息会自动变成第二天的本金,所以第二日的利息要多于第一日。也就是说,如果投资者真的投资满一年,实际上获得的年利率并不是3%,而是由于利滚利的缘故要高于3%,这个投资者实际能获得的利率就是“有效”的年利率,也就是EAR。

那么EAR怎么算呢,其实就是看本息和滚动多少次,这道题里面,按日计息,相当于比如一开始投资1¥,每日利率是3%/365,那么第一天结束后本息和就会变为1*(1+3%/365),第二天结束后变为1*(1+3%/365)^2……以此类推,365天后相当于滚动了365次,就是1*(1+3%/365)^365。这个就是投资一元钱后,一年后投资者能获得的实际本息和。再扣除本金1¥,真实利息就是1*(1+3%/365)^365 – 1,如果用利息除以本金1¥得到利率,结果还是1*(1+3%/365)^365 – 1。这个就是EAR的概念,也是这道题最后答案的算法。

这也是讲义上的那个公式EAR=(1+r/m)^m – 1的来源。

因为EAR这个概念太重要了,不仅数量会考到,也是其他例如固收和衍生品计算的基础,所以我很详细的说了一遍。建议是回头多听几次EAR的视频,不要急于赶进度。觉得EAR彻底掌握后,再去多听几次R7 HPY和BEY的视频。这个知识点一定要牢牢掌握。

加油!

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