问题如下图：
老师你好，看了之前其他同学问题下关于A选项的解答，其中两个解答中分别对p-value和显著性水平的解释
有一个解答说：“可以理解成P-value是最小的能拒绝原假设的显著性水平。”
另一个说：“所以P-value 不属于significant level中的最低标准，这是两个独立的概念。”
那到底是什么样的呢？
选项：
A. 
B. 
C. 
解释：
菲菲_品职助教 · 2018年11月05日
同学你好，这两句话并不矛盾。
首先，“可以理解成P-value是最小的能拒绝原假设的显著性水平。”这句话是正确的。这也是原版书的原话。我们怎么来理解这句话呢？因为P值越小越拒绝原假设。当p值小于α时，我们拒绝原假设。就如何老师在基础班中讲的一样，举个例子，已知p值=6%，问α怎么设定才能拒绝原假设。因为当p值小于α时，我们拒绝原假设，所以α至少要大于等于6%，我们才能拒绝原假设，也就可以理解成P-value是最小的能拒绝原假设的显著性水平。
第二个说法，“所以P-value 不属于significant level中的最低标准，这是两个独立的概念。” 这句话也没有错，这确实是两个独立的概念。P-value是最小的能拒绝原假设的显著性水平，但不代表着显著性水平的最低标准就是P-value。显著性水平本身是没有什么最低标准的，可以是1%，也可以是5%，是人为规定的。这句话的关键是“拒绝原假设”，在这个前提下，P-value才是最小的显著性水平。
NO.PZ2017092702000133 问题如下 Whiof the following statements is correwith respeto the p-value? A.It is a less precise measure of test evinthrejection points. B.It is the largest level of significanwhithe null hypothesis is rejecte C.It ccomparerectly with the level of significanin reaching test conclusions. C is correct.When rectly comparing the p-value with the level of significance, it cusealternative to using rejection points to reaconclusions on hypothesis tests. If the p-value is smaller ththe specifielevel of significance, the null hypothesis is rejecte Otherwise, the null hypothesis is not rejecte对于一个分布而言，每个概率面积在横轴上都有一个对应点，例如significanlevel α对应的分位点就是临界值criticvalue（假设正态分布下α=95%，双尾检验，则右尾就会对应criticvalue=1.96）。而p-value也是一个概率面积，对应的点就是计算出来的检验统计量的那个点。所以当p-value＜α时，就等价于检验统计量＞criticvalue，也就是拒绝原假设。 能方便一下- 为何是smallest 而不是 largest 吗？ 以下为我的理解 - p-value 是一个概率， i.e. 如果 p-value 为 0.06 - 则我们可以理解为有 6% 的可能性 the null hypothesis 为 true （base on the available samples). 而 level of significan只是一个 pre-finethresholof rejecting null hypothesis - i.e. if p-value = thresholthen we conclu there is statisticevinto support null hypothesis being true, otherwise, we rejenull hypothesis. e.g. when p-value 0.05 level of significan= 0.05 -- 则我们可以rejenull. Regaress p-value = 0.04, 0.03 etc -- 我们都可以rejenull， 那么level of significan岂不是一个upper boun 而p-value 也可以理解为 一个大值 where we coulrejea null? 请问我的理解错在了哪里？ 谢谢
NO.PZ2017092702000133问题如下 Whiof the following statements is correwith respeto the p-value?A.It is a less precise measure of test evinthrejection points. B.It is the largest level of significanwhithe null hypothesis is rejecte C.It ccomparerectly with the level of significanin reaching test conclusions. C is correct.When rectly comparing the p-value with the level of significance, it cusealternative to using rejection points to reaconclusions on hypothesis tests. If the p-value is smaller ththe specifielevel of significance, the null hypothesis is rejecte Otherwise, the null hypothesis is not rejecte对于一个分布而言，每个概率面积在横轴上都有一个对应点，例如significanlevel α对应的分位点就是临界值criticvalue（假设正态分布下α=95%，双尾检验，则右尾就会对应criticvalue=1.96）。而p-value也是一个概率面积，对应的点就是计算出来的检验统计量的那个点。所以当p-value＜α时，就等价于检验统计量＞criticvalue，也就是拒绝原假设。 请问老师，a错在哪里？
NO.PZ2017092702000133问题如下Whiof the following statements is correwith respeto the p-value?A.It is a less precise measure of test evinthrejection points. B.It is the largest level of significanwhithe null hypothesis is rejecte C.It ccomparerectly with the level of significanin reaching test conclusions. C is correct.When rectly comparing the p-value with the level of significance, it cusealternative to using rejection points to reaconclusions on hypothesis tests. If the p-value is smaller ththe specifielevel of significance, the null hypothesis is rejecte Otherwise, the null hypothesis is not rejecte对于一个分布而言，每个概率面积在横轴上都有一个对应点，例如significanlevel α对应的分位点就是临界值criticvalue（假设正态分布下α=95%，双尾检验，则右尾就会对应criticvalue=1.96）。而p-value也是一个概率面积，对应的点就是计算出来的检验统计量的那个点。所以当p-value＜α时，就等价于检验统计量＞criticvalue，也就是拒绝原假设。 p value和test statistic 的关系？
NO.PZ2017092702000133 问题如下 Whiof the following statements is correwith respeto the p-value? A.It is a less precise measure of test evinthrejection points. B.It is the largest level of significanwhithe null hypothesis is rejecte C.It ccomparerectly with the level of significanin reaching test conclusions. C is correct.When rectly comparing the p-value with the level of significance, it cusealternative to using rejection points to reaconclusions on hypothesis tests. If the p-value is smaller ththe specifielevel of significance, the null hypothesis is rejecte Otherwise, the null hypothesis is not rejecte对于一个分布而言，每个概率面积在横轴上都有一个对应点，例如significanlevel α对应的分位点就是临界值criticvalue（假设正态分布下α=95%，双尾检验，则右尾就会对应criticvalue=1.96）。而p-value也是一个概率面积，对应的点就是计算出来的检验统计量的那个点。所以当p-value＜α时，就等价于检验统计量＞criticvalue，也就是拒绝原假设。 请老师指导，B哪里错了？
NO.PZ2017092702000133 问题如下 Whiof the following statements is correwith respeto the p-value? A.It is a less precise measure of test evinthrejection points. B.It is the largest level of significanwhithe null hypothesis is rejecte C.It ccomparerectly with the level of significanin reaching test conclusions. C is correct.When rectly comparing the p-value with the level of significance, it cusealternative to using rejection points to reaconclusions on hypothesis tests. If the p-value is smaller ththe specifielevel of significance, the null hypothesis is rejecte Otherwise, the null hypothesis is not rejecte对于一个分布而言，每个概率面积在横轴上都有一个对应点，例如significanlevel α对应的分位点就是临界值criticvalue（假设正态分布下α=95%，双尾检验，则右尾就会对应criticvalue=1.96）。而p-value也是一个概率面积，对应的点就是计算出来的检验统计量的那个点。所以当p-value＜α时，就等价于检验统计量＞criticvalue，也就是拒绝原假设。 能不能翻译一下每个？不怎么了解