开发者:上海品职教育科技有限公司 隐私政策详情

应用版本:4.2.11(IOS)|3.2.5(安卓)APP下载

Tong · 2025年05月18日

问题1,2,3

NO.PZ2021120102000010

问题如下:

Which of the following statements best describes empirical duration?

选项:

A.

A common way to calculate a bond’s empirical duration is to run a regression of its price returns on changes in a benchmark interest rate.

B.

A bond’s empirical duration tends to be larger than its effective duration.

C.

The price sensitivity of high-yield bonds to interest rate changes is typically higher than that of investment-grade bonds

解释:

A is correct. A bond’s empirical duration is often estimated by running a regression of its price returns on changes in a benchmark interest rate.

问题 1:B 选项的effective duration 就是analytical duration 吗?

问题 2:Empirical duraiton是通过regression方法得到,那Analytical duration 是怎么得到的?

问题 3: 请解释一下C选项,HY bond 不是随利率变动波动率更大吗?为什么不是正确的

1 个答案

发亮_品职助教 · 2025年05月19日

Effective duration是Analytical duration。

Analytical duration理解成理论值,有标准计算公式或者理论基础的,都属于analytical duration,如债券的effectiive duration,modified duration, macaulay duration。这些duration都有自己的定义式以及有明确的理论基础。


Modified duration是给债券价格-YTM公式,对YTM求一阶导得到,三级不要求计算。

Effective duration有自己的计算式,[ PV(-) - PV(+) ] / [ 2×PV0 × △curve],三级要求掌握计算。

Macaulay duration是cash flow发生时间的加权,有自己的定义式。

以上除了Effective duration可能会涉及一点计算,其他2个都是理解。


和Analytical duration对标的就是empirical duration,没有定义式,没有理论基础,单纯是拿实际数据做的回归。


选项C的interest rate changes,这个是指基准利率改变。

HY bond里面,会有很明显的credit spread与基准利率改变的反向抵消作用,由于抵消作用明显,当基准利率改变时,实际只有很小一部分才会影响到债券价格。所以可以说HY bond对基准利率的改变不敏感。


如基准利率上升1%,但是HY bond的credit spread下降0.9%,即,基准利率上升1%,其中的0.9%被反向抵消掉了,只有0.1%的利率上升才会影响到债券。

所以HY bond的价格实际只波动0.1%利率上升带来的幅度。


反观IG bond,抵消作用没有这么明显。比如,基准利率上升1%,IG bond里面的credit spread下降0.4%,剩余的利率上升0.6%影响到了债券的价格。

就是因为IG bond的抵消效果没那么明显,所以其对基准利率的改变相对更敏感。


注意,以上都是在讨论债券的实际价格波动,所以讨论的是empirical duration。只有empirical duration才会考虑到credit spread与基准利率的反向抵消。而Analytical duration不会考虑到这点。


更进一步,Empirical duration就是以上数据的回归:

HY bond的价格实际只波动了0.1%利率上升对应的幅度,这是回归的因变量,自变量是基准利率上升1%。这样回归出来的Empirical duration系数相对较小。


而IG bond的价格实际波动了0.6%利率上升对应的幅度,自变量是基准利率上升1%。

同样是基准利率上升1%,IG bond的价格改变幅度更大,回归出来的系数empirical duration更大。


所以选项C本质是在考empirical duration的对比,两个债券其他条件一致,HY bond的empirical duratiion比IG Bond的小。

即,HY bond对interest rate changes相对更不敏感。

  • 1

    回答
  • 0

    关注
  • 7

    浏览
相关问题

NO.PZ2021120102000010 问题如下 Whiof the followingstatements best scribes empiricration? A.A common wto calculate a bons empiricration is to run aregression of its prireturns on changes in a benchmark interest rate. B.A bons empiricration ten to larger thits effective ration. C.The prisensitivity of high-yielbon to interest rate changes is typically higher ththof investment-gra bon Ais correct. A bons empiricration is often estimaterunning aregression of its prireturns on changes in a benchmark interest rate. Whiof the following statements best scribes empiricration?A common wto calculate a bons empiricration is to run a regression of its prireturns on changes in a benchmark interest rate.A bons empiricration ten to larger thits effective ration.The prisensitivity of high-yielbon to interest rate changes is typically higher ththof investment-gra bon

2025-03-12 21:09 1 · 回答

NO.PZ2021120102000010 问题如下 Whiof the followingstatements best scribes empiricration? A.A common wto calculate a bons empiricration is to run aregression of its prireturns on changes in a benchmark interest rate. B.A bons empiricration ten to larger thits effective ration. C.The prisensitivity of high-yielbon to interest rate changes is typically higher ththof investment-gra bon Ais correct. A bons empiricration is often estimaterunning aregression of its prireturns on changes in a benchmark interest rate. empiricration是观察到的债券价格对基准利率变动的敏感程度,effecive ration是理论上计算的债券价格对基准利率变动的敏感程度。empiricration小于effective ration,尤其是HYB,二者的差异更大,这是一个实证检验观察到的一个现象。具体原因如下由于yc=yb+spreayb与cret sprea负相关关系(理论基础是△yb>0表明经济好,此时,投资者对市场未来看好,对债券cret premium要求较低,因此cret sprea小),所以△yb>0,cret sprea降,也就是△sprea0,进而△yc<△yb,抵消作用就是cret sprea基准利率的负相关导致的。假设△yb=1%,那么根据上面的分析,△yc<1%,△yc引起的△%P<△yb引起的△%P,前者是empiricration,后者是effective ration,所以,empiricration 通常要比 effective ration小。相比于IG,因为HYB的cret spreayb负相关关系更大,所以相对于IG,HYB的empiricration比effective ration小的更多。我的思路也是如此,但是发亮老师的讲解,effective artion和empricration都是基于benchmark计算的,是类似概念,但不是analyticration(假设yb和sprea立变化),所以想问下,那么B错在哪?谢谢

2025-03-02 13:47 1 · 回答

NO.PZ2021120102000010 问题如下 Whiof the followingstatements best scribes empiricration? A.A common wto calculate a bons empiricration is to run aregression of its prireturns on changes in a benchmark interest rate. B.A bons empiricration ten to larger thits effective ration. C.The prisensitivity of high-yielbon to interest rate changes is typically higher ththof investment-gra bon Ais correct. A bons empiricration is often estimaterunning aregression of its prireturns on changes in a benchmark interest rate. 可否改为The prisensitivity of high-yielbon to interest rate changes is typically lower ththof investment-gra bon because cret sprea minate their yielcomposition.高收益债券(High-YielBon)通常对信用风险的敏感性更高,而非对利率变化的敏感性更高。相比投资级债券(Investment-Gra Bon),高收益债券的价格对利率变化的敏感性通常较低,因为其收益率中信用利差的比重较大,而利率波动的影响较小。

2024-12-08 20:35 1 · 回答

NO.PZ2021120102000010 问题如下 Whiof the followingstatements best scribes empiricration? A.A common wto calculate a bons empiricration is to run aregression of its prireturns on changes in a benchmark interest rate. B.A bons empiricration ten to larger thits effective ration. C.The prisensitivity of high-yielbon to interest rate changes is typically higher ththof investment-gra bon Ais correct. A bons empiricration is often estimaterunning aregression of its prireturns on changes in a benchmark interest rate. 拜托老师帮忙复习一下,为什么HY的sensitivity小于IG的?

2024-07-18 21:57 2 · 回答