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椰子鸡 · 2025年05月06日

俩都更关注POD?

NO.PZ2023040701000093

问题如下:

Cromwell works with another analyst, George Hastings, to discuss credit scoring and credit rating models. Hastings starts the conversation by saying, “Credit scoring models are primarily applied to consumers or small business borrowers. In some cases, only negative information, such as delinquencies or defaults, are used, while other models use a mix of factors, such as payment history and recent credit searches.” The focus of credit scores is the probability of default. Hastings continues, “Credit ratings, on the other hand, are used in the corporate and sovereign bond market and also for asset-backed securities. Ratings are focused on probability of default. Credit rating agencies, such as Standard & Poor’s, consider the loss given default by means of notching, which adjusts the issuer rating to reflect the priority of claims in the capital structure."

Are Hastings’s comments regarding credit scores and credit ratings most likely correct?

选项:

A.

Yes

B.

No, he is incorrect with regard to credit scores.

C.

No, he is incorrect with regard to credit ratings.

解释:

Correct Answer: A

Hastings’s comments regarding both credit scores and credit ratings are correct.

1

1 个答案

吴昊_品职助教 · 2025年05月06日

嗨,从没放弃的小努力你好:


一、信用评分(Credit Scoring)

Hastings 说:“信用评分模型主要应用于个人消费者或小型企业借款人。有些模型仅使用负面信息,如逾期或违约;而另一些则使用多种因素,如付款历史和近期的信用查询记录。信用评分的重点是违约概率(Probability of Default, POD)。

解释:

  • 信用评分模型确实广泛用于个人贷款和小微企业贷款领域;
  • 信息来源可能仅限于负面记录(如逾期、违约),也可能包括其他维度(如还款习惯、借款历史等);
  • 最终的目标是估计该借款人发生违约的可能性(POD)

二、信用评级(Credit Rating)

Hastings 继续说:“信用评级则用于公司债、主权债和资产支持证券市场。评级也聚焦于违约概率。信用评级机构(如标普)通过“加减记号”技术(notching)来考虑违约损失率(Loss Given Default, LGD),即通过调整发行人评级以反映其资本结构中索偿顺序的优先级。

解释:

  • 信用评级确实用于更大型、复杂的金融工具,比如公司债、主权债和ABS;
  • 同样关注违约概率(POD);
  • 但评级机构还会考虑违约后可能的损失程度(LGD),比如高级债券比次级债券更可能收回资金,这一点通过 notching反映在评级中。

结论:

两者都以违约概率(POD)为核心,信用评级还进一步考虑违约损失率(LGD),因此 Hastings 的评论是准确的。

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