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一根法棍 · 2025年03月20日

这个题是在问什么

NO.PZ2024030503000155

问题如下:

Question The adjustments related to changes in the estimated residual value of a long-lived asset should be:

选项:

A.handled prospectively.

B.shown separately on the income statement.

C.handled retrospectively unless impractical to do so.

解释:

Solution
  1. Correct because in contrast to changes in accounting policies (such as whether to expense the cost of employee stock options), companies sometimes make changes in accounting estimates (such as the useful life of a depreciable asset). Changes in accounting estimates are handled prospectively, with the change affecting the financial statements for the period of change and future periods. No adjustments are made to prior statements, and the adjustment is not shown on the face of the income statement.

  2. Incorrect because in contrast to changes in accounting policies (such as whether to expense the cost of employee stock options), companies sometimes make changes in accounting estimates (such as the useful life of a depreciable asset). Changes in accounting estimates are handled prospectively, with the change affecting the financial statements for the period of change and future periods. No adjustments are made to prior statements, and the adjustment is not shown on the face of the income statement.

  3. Incorrect because in contrast to changes in accounting policies (such as whether to expense the cost of employee stock options), companies sometimes make changes in accounting estimates (such as the useful life of a depreciable asset). Changes in accounting estimates are handled prospectively, with the change affecting the financial statements for the period of change and future periods. No adjustments are made to prior statements, and the adjustment is not shown on the face of the income statement.

Analyzing Income Statements

没有看懂问题,也没有看懂解释

1 个答案

王园圆_品职助教 · 2025年03月20日

同学你好,题目问长期资产的残值估计发生调整的话,会计上应该怎么处理

A的意思就是不需要追溯调整,而是可以在当年披露以后适用即可,而C正好相反,说的是需要追溯调整——A和C的判断可以看以下原版书相关内容的知识点说明

B说需要单独在I/S表上披露,问题是残值调整也不直接影响利润表,所以B错


原版书相关知识点

会计方法:比如折旧,是使用直线折旧法还是加速折旧法;存货的计量方法用LIFO、FIFO还是加权平均;固定资产的入账是用cost model还是revaluation model等。

会计估计:固定资产的残值是多少,机器设备是能使用1年还是10年,坏账准备准备多少,合同完工进度的估计等等,需要根据经验估计。

会计方法改变要追溯调整,因为年报里会披露以前年度的数字,如果不追溯调整,会计方法的改变会导致公司以前年度的数字和改变后的数字没有可比性,所以要把年报里会显示的最近几年进行追溯调整。

会计估计改变不用追溯调整,是依据重大性和成本效益原则,当然理论上最完美的处理肯定是方法改变和估计改变都追溯调整,而且追溯到企业成立年度最好,但是实务中我们要衡量一下成本效益,以及哪些改变是更重要的改变,有限的资源要用到更重要的地方。所以会计准则就规定了,会计方法改变需要追溯,而估计改变不用。

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