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mandy · 2025年01月07日

请问下老师这道题的完整解题思路,谢谢

NO.PZ2023032703000030

问题如下:

Beatriz Maestre is a fixed-income consultant who has been retained by Filipe Ruelas, the CFO of Cávado Produtos Agricolas, SA (Cávado). Cávado is a manufacturer of prepared foods headquartered in Braga, Portugal.

At a second meeting, Ruelas tells Maestre about a EUR22 million bond issue Cávado would like to retire. The issue is currently rated A–, and credit spreads for that rating are relatively high. Ruelas expects spreads to narrow in the future as the economy improves and as Cávado’s performance for the coming year is factored into markets. The bond is closely held by two investment funds, and Ruelas feels they would be willing to sell their bond exposure at a small premium over the market price. Ruelas also feels Cávado’s auditors would permit accounting defeasement if Cávado purchased a portfolio of high-quality government bonds whose cash flow characteristics closely matched the Cávado bonds or if it purchased a portfolio of corporate bonds with similar duration and convexity characteristics and higher yields. Maestre recommends a strategy for retiring the bond.

Which of the following strategies would Maestre most likely recommend for retiring the Cávado bond?

选项:

A.

Bond tender offer

B.

Cash flow matching with government bonds

C.

Duration matching with corporate bonds

解释:

A is correct. Because the outstanding bond issue can likely be purchased for a small premium over market value, there is no reason to engage in a more complicated and likely more expensive retirement process using a cash flow-matching or duration-matching strategy.

请问下老师这道题的完整解题思路,有点不知道从什么地方下手,谢谢

1 个答案

发亮_品职助教 · 2025年01月08日

这道题考cash flow matching的理解。


题目说有22 million的债务需要retire。(Ruelas tells Maestre about a EUR22 million bond issue Cávado would like to retire.)


相当于公司之前发行了债券,是公司的负债,总额22Million,现在有闲钱了,想提前赎回or 提前还掉这些debt。


现在有3个方法,第一个是要约回购(tender offer)。即,从投资者手中,把债券买回来。一般公司要约回购要支付一定的溢价,否则投资者不会卖回。题目说,这个债券的评级是A-级别,如果要tender offer的话,只需负债少量溢价(sell their bond exposure at a small premium over the market price)。

所以tender offer的价格OK,可以通过要约回购的方法把债务买回来。


第二种方法就是购买高质量的国债来做cash flow matching。构建好cash flow matching之后,就可以实现accounting defeasement,视同清偿掉了负债。

(permit accounting defeasement if Cávado purchased a portfolio of high-quality government bonds whose cash flow characteristics closely matched the Cávado bonds)


第三种方法,就是构建duration-matching,用资产来匹配负债。这样提前做好了match,也可以视同负债被提前偿还。


一般而言,如果要retire debt,我们会选择使用cash flow matching。因为一般的要约回购(tender offer)很难执行。因为债券会被众多投资者持有,想要从他们手上把债券回购回来,可能需要付出较高的溢价,而且很多投资者已经做了债券策略,可能都不想卖债券。


而做duration-matching相对比较复杂,而且安全级别不高。有些会计准则也不允许duration matching实现accounting defeasement。

所以基本上,如果要retire debt,会选择用cash flow matching。


但这道题用了tender offer。原因是,这道题题目说债券被2个机构投资者持有,回购的话很方便,而且也只需付出少量溢价(at a small premium),所以直接就做了回购。原债券评级A-,少量溢价回购,这个回购价也不会很高,可能就是比A-级别的债券贵一些。


反而用cash flow matching的话,需要用高质量的国债做,这个成本更高了。因为国债的评级更高,如AAA级,买国债做策略的话会更贵。


总结下,retire debt,常用的方法就是tender offer和cash flow matching。一般而且,tender offer比较困难,也比较贵,所以会选择cash flow matching来实现accounting defeasement。

但是,这道题比较特殊,单独说了tender offer便宜,cash flow matching贵,所以本题选择tender offer直接回购债券。

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