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皓月 · 2024年11月13日

这题蒙对的

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NO.PZ201812020100000308

问题如下:

Which of Trey’s reasons for choosing bond mutual funds as an investment vehicle is correct?

选项:

A.

Reason 1

B.

Reason 2

C.

Reason 3

解释:

B is correct. Although a significant spread between the market price of the underlying fixed-income securities portfolio and an ETF’s NAV should drive an authorized participant to engage in arbitrage, many fixed-income securities are either thinly traded or not traded at all. This situation might allow such a divergence to persist.

没看懂解析,解析能否用中文说一下?

1 个答案

发亮_品职助教 · 2024年11月14日

这道题考查间接获得index passive exposure的方法,我们学过的有bond mutual fund, bond ETF, Total return swap


Reason 1: Total return swaps have much higher transaction costs and initial cash outlay than bond mutual funds

这里说Total return swap比bond mutual fund有更高的initianl cash outlay,即,期初要花更多的钱。

这个说法是错误的,如果投资者要买100万的bond mutual fund的话,期初需要全额支付100万,相对来说支出较大。


而如果签订total return swap的话,同样是签订100万的exposure,期初只需要支付少量Intial cash outlay,如支付名义本金100万的5%。所以TRS的最大优势就是获得同样的债券头寸,期初支付的金额相对少一些。Reason 1刚好说反了。


Reason 2:Unlike bond mutual funds, bond ETFs can trade at discounts to their underlying indexes, and those discounts can persist.

这块说bond ETF的交易价格,可能会持续地低于ETF的内在价值(underlying indexes)

这个说法完全正确,也是因为债券流动性差导致的。


ETF理论上存在一级市场和二级市场的套利。

如ETF的内在价值(购买Underlying bonds需要花费的市场价)小于ETF份额的market price,那么可以完成以下套利:

投资者先在债券市场上,按照ETF的成份债券与权重以低价买入债券,形成一个债券portfolio,在一级市场上拿着这些债券Portfolio去向ETF发行人申购ETF份额,拿到ETF份额之后,再以高价在ETF二级市场上卖出ETF份额。


因为ETF的内在价值(购买Underlying bond的价格)小于ETF二级市场的market price,所以这么交易肯定有差价可以赚。套利活动会使得两个价格最终平衡一致。这是理论状态。


ETF的内在价值是NAV(Net asset value),因为套利活动,理论上应该等于ETF在二级市场上的交易价格market price。但是,债券的交易比较困难,流动性差,所以其实很难在债券市场上凑齐portfolio来申购ETF份额,这就给套利造成了障碍,无法完成套利就使得ETF的market price偏离内在价值,一般是market price discount to 内在价值(ETF二级市场价更低),且这种偏离是持续的,很难消除。所以Reason 2的说法正确。答案解析就是上面的意思。


Reason 3:Bond mutual funds can be traded throughout the day at the net asset value of the underlying bonds.

这块说Mutual fund可以以NAV在当天完成交易(throughout the day)

这个说法错误。Mutual fund的交易确实是以NAV,但是是投资者和发行人之间进行交易,投资者向发行人申购和赎回基金份额。因为是场外市场,所以交易存在时滞,一般是有1天的time lag,即今天赎回,明天才能到账。上面这句的traded throughout the day是说当天就能完成交易。所以Reason 3说错了。

Reason 3描述的是ETF的特征,ETF像股票一样存在二级交易所交易市场,开盘时间内都能完成交易,当天可完成交易,所以是traded throughout the day。

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