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qttt · 2024年08月13日

b选项和leverage有什么关系呢

NO.PZ2023032703000012

问题如下:

Shield states that his return expectation for a portfolio of corporate bonds is 3%–6% per annum over a 10-year period. Edge questions whether that level of return is sufficient for Derran and offers the following suggestions with respect to increasing portfolio returns.

Suggestion 1 Overweight the portfolio with bonds of highly leveraged companies because their yields generally exceed those of companies that have lower debt levels.

Suggestion 2 Consider using inverse floaters and fixed-rate receiver swaps in order to position the portfolio to benefit from any decline in interest rates over the 10-year market cycle.

Suggestion 3 Enter into repurchase agreements and securities lending transactions with counterparties that are conservatively leveraged.

Which one of Edge’s suggestions least likely uses portfolio leverage to increase returns? (2019 mock AM)

选项:

A.

Suggestion 3

B.

Suggestion 2

C.

Suggestion 1

解释:

Adding bonds of highly leveraged companies does not involve the use of leverage. The following methods of leverage may be used to increase portfolio returns relative to an unleveraged portfolio: (1) futures contracts, (2) swap agreements, (3) structured financial instruments, (4) repurchase agreements, and (5) securities lending. Each of these methods adds leverage to an unleveraged portfolio, including, as in this example, an unleveraged portfolio of bonds from highly leveraged companies.

如题

2 个答案
已采纳答案

发亮_品职助教 · 2024年08月14日

选项B的swap天生就带杠杆哈。

例如,pay floating, receive fixed swap,swap的期限假设是5年。


swap里面的floating rate就是短期利率,因为很短的时间内就要reset一次利率;而swap里面的fixed rate就对应是长期利率,因为在swap的生命里,fixed rate都是固定的,这是相对的长期利率。


所以,5年期的swap,pay floating, receive fixed swap,这相当于是通过短期利率floating融资所以支付短期利率floating,然后投资长期5-year fixed rate所以收到5-year fixed rate。这就是天然的,借入短期利率,投资长期利率。


通过借钱投资的方式自然就是带杠杆的。swap天生就带杠杆,而且利率曲线向上倾斜时,这样的pay floating, receive fixed swap可以看成是借短(低)利率投资长(高)利率的carry trade。


选项B里面inverse floater,对现在的考纲来讲有一点点超纲。

inverse floater也是一个浮动利率债券,只不过他的coupon rate和市场参考利率MRR的变动是相反的。

如,某个inverse floater的coupon rate = 10% - 3× MRR


inverse就体现在MRR前面是一个负号,即,coupon与市场参考利率的变动相反。而杠杆就体现在MRR前面的倍数3,当然这个倍数可以是一个任意数字。即,市场参考利率变动1单位,coupon rate要成3倍的改变,这相当于获得的是市场参考利率的杠杆收益。


所以以上2个产品都有利率的杠杆哈。

hyi725 · 2024年08月17日

这道题选b对吗?

发亮_品职助教 · 2024年08月17日

B的suggestion 2是正确的。

suggestion 2的inverse floater带杠杆,swap也天生带杠杆。上一个回复有解释。


第二个是在利率下降时,Inverse floater的coupon rate上升,收益上升;

利率下降时,fixed-rate receiver swap的收益也上升,因为收到的fixed rate是swap里面提前规定好的,不会发生变动。反而是支付的floating rate会下降。所以receive fixed rate的一方会有净的盈利。


suggestion 2选项说两个头寸都有杠杆,且在利率下降时会盈利,这两个说法都正确。但是本题选least likely正确的一个,所以本题不选B.

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