外部性一般是由公司引起的吧？

NO.PZ2024010501000005问题如下 Whiof the following statements regarng externalities is most accurate? A.Externalities occur e to environmentor socifactors.B.When externalities are positive, private costs are lower thsocietcosts.C.Internalization of externalities improves companies’ financiperformance. A is correct. Externalities coccur e to environmentfactors, supollution, or socifactors—for example, when companies fail to pa minimum wage. When externalities are positive, private costs are higher thsocietcosts. When externalities are negative, private costs are lower thsocietcosts. Internalization of these externalities coulsignificantly impathe costs anprofits of companies’ procts anservices, affecting their bottom line. 选C的问题是不是说，对于外部性的，改进，有的时候会适得其反所以C是不对的。

NO.PZ2024010501000005问题如下 Whiof the following statements regarng externalities is most accurate? A.Externalities occur e to environmentor socifactors.B.When externalities are positive, private costs are lower thsocietcosts.C.Internalization of externalities improves companies’ financiperformance. A is correct. Externalities coccur e to environmentfactors, supollution, or socifactors—for example, when companies fail to pa minimum wage. When externalities are positive, private costs are higher thsocietcosts. When externalities are negative, private costs are lower thsocietcosts. Internalization of these externalities coulsignificantly impathe costs anprofits of companies’ procts anservices, affecting their bottom line. B错误原因能一下吗？private cost是什么？

NO.PZ2024010501000005 问题如下 Whiof the following statements regarng externalities is most accurate? A.Externalities occur e to environmentor socifactors. B.When externalities are positive, private costs are lower thsocietcosts. C.Internalization of externalities improves companies’ financiperformance. A is correct. Externalities coccur e to environmentfactors, supollution, or socifactors—for example, when companies fail to pa minimum wage. When externalities are positive, private costs are higher thsocietcosts. When externalities are negative, private costs are lower thsocietcosts. Internalization of these externalities coulsignificantly impathe costs anprofits of companies’ procts anservices, affecting their bottom line. Internalization of these externalities coulsignificantly impathe costs anprofits of companies’ procts anservices, affecting their bottom line.外部性内部化能够显著影响公司产品和服务的成本和利润，这里的影响是提高还是降低成本和利润？