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爱麦克的风 · 2024年05月31日

能不能翻译一下问题。

NO.PZ2024010503000017

问题如下:

The term “dismal theorem” refers to the idea that:

选项:

A.potentially catastrophic outcomes should be valued to negative infinity. B.moral considerations related to future climate change warrant low discount rates. C.the probability of total civilizational collapse causes the discount rate to increase dramatically.

解释:

A is correct. The dismal theorem suggests that standard cost–benefit analysis is inadequate to deal with the potential downside losses from climate change. However small the probability, as long as we cannot completely rule out scenarios of climate-induced civilizational collapse, their expected value must be thought of as being equal to negative infinity. Economist Nicholas Stern argued that moral considerations warrant using a low discount rate when assessing future climate damages to place adequate value on the lives and welfare of future generations.

这个知识点在哪?

1 个答案

pzqa38 · 2024年05月31日

嗨,从没放弃的小努力你好:


“悲观定理”一词指的是:

选项:

A. 潜在的灾难性结果应被估值为负无穷大。

B. 与未来气候变化相关的道德考虑需要使用低贴现率。

C. 全面文明崩溃的可能性导致贴现率急剧上升。

解释:

A 是正确的。“悲观定理”表明,标准的成本–收益分析不足以应对气候变化带来的潜在下行损失。即使这种概率很小,只要我们不能完全排除气候引发的文明崩溃情景,其预期价值就必须被认为是负无穷大。经济学家尼古拉斯·斯特恩认为,道德考虑需要在评估未来气候损害时使用低贴现率,以充分重视未来世代的生命和福利。

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