NO.PZ2023041102000043
问题如下：
N'Diarra believes that according to the classical growth theory, gains in per capita GDP are temporary because the resulting population explosion will lower per capita GDP to subsistence real wage levels. She considers endogenous growth theory to be more realistic, believing that (1) investments, such as the new tire factory, will increase the rate of per capita output growth until the steady state rate of growth is achieved; and (2) investment in research and development will boost growth even further, thus extending the abnormal growth period before diminishing marginal returns eventually set in.
N'Diarra's understanding of the two growth theories is most accurate with regard to:
选项：
A.Classical growth theory.
B.Both classical growth theory and endogenous growth theory.
C.Endogenous growth theory.
解释：
N'Diarra's understanding of classical growth theory is correct, as is her understanding of its implications. Classical growth theory holds the view that the growth rate of real GDP per person is temporary because of population explosion. Her description of endogenous growth theory is not accurate. She references a steady state rate of growth and diminishing marginal returns, which are tenets of neoclassical growth theory.
迪亚拉对经典增长理论及其含义的理解都是正确的。古典增长理论认为，由于人口爆炸，实际人均GDP的增长率是暂时的。
她对内生增长理论的描述并不准确。她引用了稳定的增长率和边际收益递减，这是新古典增长理论的原则。
针对（2）investment 有两个疑问，烦请解答
1 新古典理论，技术进步是偶然的，题干里提到增加研发，技术能进步，这矛盾吗？
2 内生增长理论，存在边际效应递减的情况吗？
