NO.PZ2023071902000018
问题如下：
QuestionA small country possesses a comparative advantage in pencil production.
To stimulate economic growth, the government implements an export
subsidy for pencils. What is the most likely consequence of this policy?
选项：
A.Although domestic producers will gain a net benefit, the policy will result in inefficiencies and create a deadweight loss to national welfare.
B.With the entry of new domestic producers into the pencils market, the supply will increase, leading to a decrease in domestic prices.
C.The increase in domestic producer surplus will surpass the combined value of the subsidy and the reduction in domestic consumer surplus.解释：
Solution
Correct. Export subsidies interfere with free market operations, causing a deadweight loss to society. This loss occurs because higher subsidized prices allow inefficient producers to remain in the market. On the consumer side, the higher price excludes some consumers who would have bought at the lower price.
Incorrect. Producers tend to shift output from the domestic to the export market to take advantage of the subsidy. Additionally, being a small country, the domestic market acts as a price taker, so consumers pay the international price plus the subsidy, leading to an increase in domestic prices.
Incorrect. As prices rise and producers increase production beyond the efficient level, efficiency diminishes. Consequently, national welfare is negatively affected, as the increase in producer surplus is smaller than the combined cost to consumers and the government.
• compare types of trade restrictions, such as tariffs, quotas, and export subsidies, and their economic imbplications
A正确。出口补贴干扰了自由市场的运作，给社会造成了无谓的损失。造成这种损失的原因是，较高的补贴价格使效率低下的生产商得以留在市场上。在消费者方面，较高的价格排除了一些本来会以较低价格购买的消费者。
B不正确。生产商倾向于将产量从国内市场转移到出口市场，以利用补贴。此外，作为一个小国，国内市场充当价格接受者，因此消费者支付国际价格加上补贴，导致国内价格上涨。
不正确的。随着价格上涨，生产者将产量提高到超过有效水平，效率就会降低。因此，国家福利将受到负面影响，因为生产者剩余的增加小于消费者和政府的总成本。
ac 不太清楚
