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暖暖 · 2024年03月13日

请解释下C选项

  1. CFA I
  2. Economics Analysis

NO.PZ2023071902000018

问题如下：

QuestionA small country possesses a comparative advantage in pencil production. To stimulate economic growth, the government implements an export subsidy for pencils. What is the most likely consequence of this policy?

选项：

A.

Although domestic producers will gain a net benefit, the policy will result in inefficiencies and create a deadweight loss to national welfare.

B.

With the entry of new domestic producers into the pencils market, the supply will increase, leading to a decrease in domestic prices.

C.The increase in domestic producer surplus will surpass the combined value of the subsidy and the reduction in domestic consumer surplus.

解释：

Solution

  1. Correct. Export subsidies interfere with free market operations, causing a deadweight loss to society. This loss occurs because higher subsidized prices allow inefficient producers to remain in the market. On the consumer side, the higher price excludes some consumers who would have bought at the lower price.

  2. Incorrect. Producers tend to shift output from the domestic to the export market to take advantage of the subsidy. Additionally, being a small country, the domestic market acts as a price taker, so consumers pay the international price plus the subsidy, leading to an increase in domestic prices.

  3. Incorrect. As prices rise and producers increase production beyond the efficient level, efficiency diminishes. Consequently, national welfare is negatively affected, as the increase in producer surplus is smaller than the combined cost to consumers and the government.

International Trade

• compare types of trade restrictions, such as tariffs, quotas, and export subsidies, and their economic implications

题目解释中说 Consequently, national welfare is negatively affected, as the increase in producer surplus is smaller than the combined cost to consumers and the government. 我们怎么判断增加的生产者剩余是比减少的消费者剩余和政府损失总和小呢。 谢谢

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笛子_品职助教 · 2024年03月14日

嗨，努力学习的PZer你好：


我们怎么判断增加的生产者剩余是比减少的消费者剩余和政府损失总和小呢

Hello，亲爱的同学~

我们这里先掌握一个CFA经济学里的基本原则。

CFA的经济学这里，有个基本思想：鼓励自由贸易，认为自由贸易会让整个社会福利最大化。

在掌握以上基本原则的基础上，就可以适当推理出：如果对自由贸易施加政策阻碍，那么对全社会的福利来说，就是损失的。


了解以上基本经济学原则后，我们结合本题。

政府实行出口补贴，这是对自由贸易施加阻碍。因为有认为补贴，就会阻碍市场自由调整供需和价格。

有政策补贴，阻碍了自由贸易。

因此，全社会福利受损。


那么政策补贴，是补贴了生产者，生产者剩余是增加的。

政策补贴，阻碍了自由贸易，全社会福利减少。

全社会福利 = 生产者福利 + 消费者福利 + 政府福利。

由此可见：增加的生产者剩余是比减少的消费者剩余和政府损失总和小

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努力的时光都是限量版，加油！

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NO.PZ2023071902000018 问题如下 QuestionA small country possesses a comparative aantage in pencil proction. To stimulate economic growth, the government implements export subsi for pencils. Whis the most likely consequenof this policy? A.Although mestic procers will gain a net benefit, the poliwill result in inefficiencies ancreate a aeight loss to nationwelfare. B.With the entry of new mestic procers into the pencils market, the supply will increase, leang to a crease in mestic prices. C.The increase in mestic procer surplus will surpass the combinevalue of the subsi anthe rection in mestic consumer surplus. SolutionCorrect. Export subsies interfere with free market operations, causing a aeight loss to society. This loss occurs because higher subsizeprices allow inefficient procers to remain in the market. On the consumer si, the higher priexclus some consumers who woulhave bought the lower price.Incorrect. Procers tento shift output from the mestic to the export market to take aantage of the subsi. Aitionally, being a small country, the mestic market acts a pritaker, so consumers pthe internationpriplus the subsi, leang to increase in mestic prices.Incorrect. prices rise anprocers increase proction beyonthe efficient level, efficienminishes. Consequently, nationwelfare is negatively affecte the increase in procer surplus is smaller ththe combinecost to consumers anthe government.InternationTra• compare types of tra restrictions, sutariffs, quotas, anexport subsies, antheir economic imbplications A正确。出口补贴干扰了自由市场的运作，给社会造成了无谓的损失。造成这种损失的原因是，较高的补贴价格使效率低下的生产商得以留在市场上。在消费者方面，较高的价格排除了一些本来会以较低价格购买的消费者。B不正确。生产商倾向于将产量从国内市场转移到出口市场，以利用补贴。此外，作为一个小国，国内市场充当价格接受者，因此消费者支付国际价格加上补贴，导致国内价格上涨。 不正确的。随着价格上涨，生产者将产量提高到超过有效水平，效率就会降低。因此，国家福利将受到负面影响，因为生产者剩余的增加小于消费者和政府的总成本。 不太清楚

2024-04-20 02:37 1 · 回答

NO.PZ2023071902000018 问题如下 QuestionA small country possesses a comparative aantage in pencil proction. To stimulate economic growth, the government implements export subsi for pencils. Whis the most likely consequenof this policy? A.Although mestic procers will gain a net benefit, the poliwill result in inefficiencies ancreate a aeight loss to nationwelfare. B.With the entry of new mestic procers into the pencils market, the supply will increase, leang to a crease in mestic prices. C.The increase in mestic procer surplus will surpass the combinevalue of the subsi anthe rection in mestic consumer surplus. SolutionCorrect. Export subsies interfere with free market operations, causing a aeight loss to society. This loss occurs because higher subsizeprices allow inefficient procers to remain in the market. On the consumer si, the higher priexclus some consumers who woulhave bought the lower price.Incorrect. Procers tento shift output from the mestic to the export market to take aantage of the subsi. Aitionally, being a small country, the mestic market acts a pritaker, so consumers pthe internationpriplus the subsi, leang to increase in mestic prices.Incorrect. prices rise anprocers increase proction beyonthe efficient level, efficienminishes. Consequently, nationwelfare is negatively affecte the increase in procer surplus is smaller ththe combinecost to consumers anthe government.InternationTra• compare types of tra restrictions, sutariffs, quotas, anexport subsies, antheir economic implications 中提到了higher mestic price，为什么出口补贴会使国内价格上升？

2024-03-09 19:01 1 · 回答