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176****1430 · 2024年02月19日

应计与应付应收的关系

NO.PZ2016012102000011

问题如下:

An engineer installed the printer for company A on Aug 30 and sent the invoice to the company on Sep 2. If the engineer and the company both prepare financial statements under the accrual method on Aug 31, how this transaction will be recognized by each of them ?

选项:

Engineer
Company A

A.

Accrued revenue
Accrued expense

B.

Accrued revenue
Prepaid expense

C.

Unearned revenue
accounts payable

解释:

A is correct.

The engineer provided the service before paid. So the engineer will record this transaction as accrued revenue and company A will record it as accrued expense.Because the invoice has not been sent out by the statement date, it can not be shown in accounts receivable or accounts payable.

考点:财务报表科目

工程师在付款前,已经提供了服务(installed the printer on Aug 30),根据权责发生制(accrual method),需要确认收入(工程师)和费用(A公司)。

所以工程师应将这笔交易记录为应计收入(Accrued revenue),A公司应将其记录为应计费用(Accrued expense)。由于发票在报表日期尚未寄出,因此无法确认应收账款或应付账款中。

应计收入到应收账款,应计费用到应付费用,需要怎么认定?

1 个答案

lynn_品职助教 · 2024年02月20日

嗨,努力学习的PZer你好:


应计收入到应收账款,应计费用到应付费用,需要怎么认定?


accrued revenue是指应计收入,而account receivable是应收账款,特指客户对公司的欠款


前者比后者范围较宽一些,accrued revenue除了应收的客户款,还包括了应收的其他应收款之类的收入


应计费用和应付费用是一个意思。


accrued expense应计费用,指本期已耗用但尚未支付款项的各种费用,也可以当做是预提费用,比如应付水电煤费用这种。


可以和accounts payable应付账款来对比,就和收入的两个概念一样了。


deferred income(account receivable是这个科目的具体账户名称)和accrued income是两种会计科目,即应计收入(Accrued income)和递延收入(Deferred income),存在的主要原因是我们记账通常用权责发生制,也就是根据权利和义务的转移来确认收入和费用,而很少根据收付实现制(已收到或支出现金为标志)来记账,因此会涉及到跨期的问题,产生应计或者递延这样的情况。


1、应计收入是指企业已经提供了商品或劳务,尚未收到现金并未入账的本期收入。凡属于本期应得的收入,虽未收取现金,但在计算本期损益时必须加以确认。所以,在期末时要运用会计调整方法,一方面将归属本期应收的收入先行登记入账并列入利润表,同时将未收款项的收账权利确认为应收款项列入资产负债表。


2、递延收入,指尚待确认的收入或收益,也可以说是暂时未确认的收益,它是权责发生制在收益确认上的运用,相当于预收账款。在预收现金时不确认收入,而确认负债(如“预收账款”);然后在后续会计期间交付商品或提供劳务时确认收入,并同时确认前述负债减少。




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虽然现在很辛苦,但努力过的感觉真的很好,加油!

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