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Chinazdk · 2024年02月10日

如果有补贴

NO.PZ2023010401000143

问题如下:

A small country has a comparative advantage in the production of pencils. The government establishes an export subsidy for pencils to promote economic growth. Which of the following will be the most likely result of this policy?

选项:

A.The increase in the domestic producer surplus will exceed the sum of the subsidy and the decrease in the domestic consumer surplus.

B.As new domestic producers enter the pencils market, supply will increase and domestic prices will decline.

C.Although domestic producers will receive a net benefit, the policy will give rise to inefficiencies that cause a deadweight loss to the national welfare.

解释:

Export subsidies interfere with the functioning of the free market and result in a deadweight loss to society. The deadweight loss arises on the producer side because the higher subsidized price causes inefficient producers to remain in the market. On the consumer side, the higher price causes those that would have purchased at the lower price to be shut out of the market.

中文解析:

出口补贴干扰了自由市场的运作,给社会造成了无谓的损失。无谓损失出现在生产者一方,因为较高的补贴价格导致效率低下的生产者留在市场上。在消费者方面,较高的价格导致那些本来会以较低价格购买的人被市场拒之门外。

补贴后价格不是应该下降吗? 为什么消费者价格上涨 higher consumer price?

4 个答案
已采纳答案

笛子_品职助教 · 2024年02月13日

嗨,从没放弃的小努力你好:


这里说的是有new producer进入, 难道new supply 都认为要出口吗? 如果这样,大家都出口,国内不就没有供给了吗?


这里是说出口补贴会有什么影响。

因为补贴而进入市场的新供应者,只会出口,因为内销拿不到补贴。


原先的生产者也会由于补贴而转向出口。这样国内商品供应会减少。


出口补贴,会让出口国的国内商品涨价,这是原版书的结论。

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努力的时光都是限量版,加油!

笛子_品职助教 · 2024年02月13日

嗨,努力学习的PZer你好:


B项 国内供给增加 价格不应该会下降吗?


国内供应如果是增加的话,价格应该是下降的。


但这里,国内供应是减少,而不是增加,因此价格是上升,而不是下降


出口补贴让商品都用于出口了,国内商品数量就少了。

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加油吧,让我们一起遇见更好的自己!

Chinazdk · 2024年02月13日

这里说的是有new producer进入, 难道new supply 都认为要出口吗? 如果这样,大家都出口,国内不就没有供给了吗?

笛子_品职助教 · 2024年02月13日

嗨,努力学习的PZer你好:


A选项,补贴干扰了自由市场,造成生产的无效配置,因此是有福利净损失的,并不存在生产者剩余超过补贴的说法


B选项,国内价格是上升,而不是下降



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加油吧,让我们一起遇见更好的自己!

Chinazdk · 2024年02月13日

B项 国内供给增加 价格不应该会下降吗?

笛子_品职助教 · 2024年02月12日

嗨,从没放弃的小努力你好:


补贴后价格不是应该下降吗? 为什么消费者价格上涨 higher consumer price?


这里价格上涨是指针对出口国的国内来说的。

出口补贴,使出口国的商品都用于出口了,国内商品就少了。

国内商品少了,国内价格就会上涨。

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虽然现在很辛苦,但努力过的感觉真的很好,加油!

Chinazdk · 2024年02月12日

A和B错误的原因能再详细解释下吗

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