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James · 2023年12月31日

A错在哪里?

NO.PZ2017092702000133

问题如下:

Which of the following statements is correct with respect to the p-value?

选项:

A.

It is a less precise measure of test evidence than rejection points.

B.

It is the largest level of significance at which the null hypothesis is rejected.

C.

It can be compared directly with the level of significance in reaching test conclusions.

解释:

C is correct.

When directly comparing the p-value with the level of significance, it can be used as an alternative to using rejection points to reach conclusions on hypothesis tests. If the p-value is smaller than the specified level of significance, the null hypothesis is rejected. Otherwise, the null hypothesis is not rejected.

对于一个分布而言,每个概率面积在横轴上都有一个对应点,例如significance level α对应的分位点就是临界值critical value(假设正态分布下α=95%,双尾检验,则右尾就会对应critical value=1.96)。

而p-value也是一个概率面积,对应的点就是计算出来的检验统计量的那个点。所以当p-value<α时,就等价于检验统计量>critical value,也就是拒绝原假设。

请问老师,a选项错在哪里?

1 个答案

品职助教_七七 · 2024年01月01日

嗨,努力学习的PZer你好:


A选项说用p-value来验证是否拒绝原假设的方法不如用rejection points(关键值)的方法精确。这个描述是错误的,p-value的方法和用rejection points/critical value的方法是完全相同的,不存在哪一个更为精确的说法。

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