NO.PZ202208160100000204
问题如下:
Based on the data in Exhibits 1 and 2, the mark-to-market value for Nexran’s forward position related to the oil field construction equipment order is closest to:选项:
A.USD874,000. B.USD877,674. C.USD871,690.解释:
Solution
C is correct.
Nexran sold EUR20 million forward to the settlement date at 1.1716 (USD/EUR).
To mark the position to market, Nexran offsets the forward transaction by buying EUR 20 million six months forward to the settlement date.
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For the offsetting forward contract, because the EUR is the base currency in the USD/EUR quote, buying EUR forward means paying the offer for both the spot rate and forward points.
The all-in six-month forward rate is calculated as 1.1243 + 0.0036 = 1.1279 USD/EUR.
This rate gives a net cash flow on settlement day of EUR20,000,000 × (1.1716 – 1.1279) USD/EUR = 20,000,000 × 0.0437 = USD874,000. (This amount is a cash inflow because the EUR depreciated against the USD.)
To determine the mark-to-market value of the original forward position, calculate the present value of the USD cash inflow using the six-month USD discount rate: USD874,000/[1 + 0.0053(180/360)] = USD871,690.
A is incorrect. The present value of the cash flow was not calculated (step 4 of calculation).
B is incorrect. The cash flow was calculated using the bid rate instead of the offer rate.
The all-in six-month forward rate = 1.1241 + 0.0035 = 1.1276
This gives a net cash flow on settlement day of 20,000,000EUR × (1.1716 – 1.1276) USD/EUR = USD880,000, and the present value is calculated as USD880,000/[1 + 0.0053(180/360)] = USD877,674.
中文解析:
C是正确的。
Nexran以1.1716(美元/欧元)的价格卖出了2000万欧元。
为了将头寸按市场计价,Nexran通过在结算日之前6个月购买2000万欧元来抵消远期交易。
对于抵销远期合约,由于欧元是美元/欧元报价中的基础货币,因此购买远期欧元意味着同时支付即期汇率和远期点的报价。
6个月远期利率合计为1.1243 + 0.0036 = 1.1279美元/欧元。
按此利率计算,结算日的净现金流为欧元2000万×(1.1716 - 1.1279)美元/欧元= 2000万× 0.0437 = 87.4万美元。(这一数额是现金流入,因为欧元对美元贬值。)
为了确定原始远期头寸的市值,使用六个月美元贴现率计算美元现金流入的现值:874,000美元/[1 + 0.0053(180/360)]= 871,690美元。
A是不正确的。没有计算现金流的现值(计算的第4步)。
选项B不正确。现金流是用买入价而不是卖出价来计算的。
6个月远期利率= 1.1241 + 0.0035 = 1.1276
由此得出结算日现金流净额为2000万欧元×(1.1716 - 1.1276)美元/欧元= 88万美元,现值为88万美元/[1 + 0.0053(180/360)]= 877,674美元。
请问这个 cancel order 是属于settlement date吗?还是属于到期前?若属于settlement ,则应该spot exchange rate 是使用中间价1.1242吧?然后再加36个points。