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Carolyne · 2023年10月31日

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NO.PZ202208160100000204

问题如下:

Based on the data in Exhibits 1 and 2, the mark-to-market value for Nexran’s forward position related to the oil field construction equipment order is closest to:

选项:

A.USD874,000. B.USD877,674. C.USD871,690.

解释:

Solution

C is correct.

  1. Nexran sold EUR20 million forward to the settlement date at 1.1716 (USD/EUR).

  2. To mark the position to market, Nexran offsets the forward transaction by buying EUR 20 million six months forward to the settlement date.

  3. For the offsetting forward contract, because the EUR is the base currency in the USD/EUR quote, buying EUR forward means paying the offer for both the spot rate and forward points.

    1. The all-in six-month forward rate is calculated as 1.1243 + 0.0036 = 1.1279 USD/EUR.

    2. This rate gives a net cash flow on settlement day of EUR20,000,000 × (1.1716 – 1.1279) USD/EUR = 20,000,000 × 0.0437 = USD874,000. (This amount is a cash inflow because the EUR depreciated against the USD.)

  4. To determine the mark-to-market value of the original forward position, calculate the present value of the USD cash inflow using the six-month USD discount rate: USD874,000/[1 + 0.0053(180/360)] = USD871,690.

A is incorrect. The present value of the cash flow was not calculated (step 4 of calculation).

B is incorrect. The cash flow was calculated using the bid rate instead of the offer rate.

  1. The all-in six-month forward rate = 1.1241 + 0.0035 = 1.1276

  2. This gives a net cash flow on settlement day of 20,000,000EUR × (1.1716 – 1.1276) USD/EUR = USD880,000, and the present value is calculated as USD880,000/[1 + 0.0053(180/360)] = USD877,674.

中文解析:

C是正确的。

Nexran以1.1716(美元/欧元)的价格卖出了2000万欧元。

为了将头寸按市场计价,Nexran通过在结算日之前6个月购买2000万欧元来抵消远期交易。

对于抵销远期合约,由于欧元是美元/欧元报价中的基础货币,因此购买远期欧元意味着同时支付即期汇率和远期点的报价。

6个月远期利率合计为1.1243 + 0.0036 = 1.1279美元/欧元。

按此利率计算,结算日的净现金流为欧元2000万×(1.1716 - 1.1279)美元/欧元= 2000万× 0.0437 = 87.4万美元。(这一数额是现金流入,因为欧元对美元贬值。)

为了确定原始远期头寸的市值,使用六个月美元贴现率计算美元现金流入的现值:874,000美元/[1 + 0.0053(180/360)]= 871,690美元。

A是不正确的。没有计算现金流的现值(计算的第4步)。

选项B不正确。现金流是用买入价而不是卖出价来计算的。

6个月远期利率= 1.1241 + 0.0035 = 1.1276

由此得出结算日现金流净额为2000万欧元×(1.1716 - 1.1276)美元/欧元= 88万美元,现值为88万美元/[1 + 0.0053(180/360)]= 877,674美元。

请问这个 cancel order 是属于settlement date吗?还是属于到期前?若属于settlement ,则应该spot exchange rate 是使用中间价1.1242吧?然后再加36个points。

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笛子_品职助教 · 2023年11月01日

嗨,爱思考的PZer你好:


请问这个 cancel order 是属于settlement date吗?还是属于到期前?

Hello,亲爱的同学!

属于到期前哦。这个合约并未到期。


一开始我们的合约是卖出EUR,现在要平掉EUR空头,因此要买入EUR。

投资者买入EUR,使用dealer的ask报价,在本题里就是dealer的offer报价。



这里有明确的信息:为了将头寸按市场计价,Nexran通过在结算日之前6个月购买2000万欧元来抵消远期交易。


若属于settlement ,则应该spot exchange rate 是使用中间价1.1242吧?然后再加36个points。

这里不属于settlement 。

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就算太阳没有迎着我们而来,我们正在朝着它而去,加油!

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