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卜哈哈 · 2023年10月12日

inventory

NO.PZ2017102901000036

问题如下:

In 2014, a company using US GAAP made cash payments of $6 million for salaries, $2 million for interest expense, and $4 million for income taxes. Additional information for the company is provided in the table:

Based only on the information given, the company’s operating cash flow for 2014 is closest to:

选项:

A.

$6 million.

B.

$10 million.

C.

$14 million.

解释:

A is correct.

Operating cash flows = Cash received from customers – (Cash paid to suppliers + Cash paid to employees + Cash paid for other operating expenses +Cash paid for interest + Cash paid for income taxes)

Cash received from customers = Revenue + Decrease in accounts receivable

= $37 + $3= $40 million

Cash paid to suppliers = Cost of goods sold + Increase in inventory – Decrease in accounts payable

= $16 + $4 + $2 = $22 million

Therefore, the company’s operating cash flow = $40 –$22 – Cash paid for salaries – Cash paid for interest – Cash paid for taxes = $40 –$22 – $6 – $2 –$4= $6 million.

老师,2014年的存货增加了4,根据公式资产项应该是减去,为什么答案是加上?

1 个答案

lynn_品职助教 · 2023年10月13日

嗨,努力学习的PZer你好:


老师,2014年的存货增加了4,根据公式资产项应该是减去,为什么答案是加上?


其实同学说的是对的,应该是减去,同学慢慢看后面的解析。


因为涉及cash flow的计算,我们不能只看公式(情况在变化)而应该先判断现金流的流入还是流出


首先我们想cash received from customers是现金的流入,所以相当于在计算出来的值前面加上一个+号


而Cash paid to suppliers 是现金的流出,所以何老师讲义中给出的公式,意思是计算出来的绝对值前要加一个-号,体现这种现金的流出


最后计算现金流的时候,我们应该把现金流入和现金流出互相做抵消,才能得到现金的最后净留下的余额是多少(现金流入是+,现金流出是-)


再看本题,首先COGS肯定是现金流出,


而inventory由于2014年相对于2013年增加了4,说明2014年为采购原材料又多花了4的现金支出——也是现金流出,


应付账款由于2014年相对2013年下降了2,说明公司2014年对供应商归还了2的现金支出——同样是现金流出。


——所以最后,这三笔全部都是净现金支出,体现的就是总共- $16 - $4 -$2 =- $22,也就是22的现金流出


解析中Cash paid to suppliers = Cost of goods sold + Increase in inventory – Decrease in accounts payable

= $16 + $4 + $2 = $22 million

是在the company’s operating cash flow = $40 –$22 – Cash paid for salaries – Cash paid for interest – Cash paid for taxes 中代入符号的。


而Cash received from customers同理最后可以得到是现金总流入了$40,也就是+$40


最后我们计算现金实际还剩下多少的时候,是不是应该把现金流入和现金流出互相做抵消,也就是用40-22,再考虑上 Cash paid for salaries ,Cash paid for interest ,Cash paid for taxes 这些同样是现金流出的因素,才能得到最后的值$6


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