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王亚静 · 2023年09月20日

为什么不选b,这个的问题具体意思是什么?我看答案解析有包含答案B

NO.PZ2022120701000005

问题如下:

Which of the following statements regarding externalities is most accurate?

选项:

A.Externalities can be due to environmental or social factors.

B.When externalities are positive, private costs are lower than societal costs.

C.Internalization of externalities does not affect companies’ financial

解释:

Externalities can occur due to environmental factors, such as pollution or social factors, for example, when companies fail to pay a minimum wage. When externalities are negative, private costs are lower than societal costs. Internalization of these externalities could significantly impact the costs and profits of companies’ products and services, affecting their bottom line.

答案解析中包含了B,我选了A,但是答案解析有B的出现,有些搞不明白了

王亚静 · 2023年09月20日

私人成本低于社会成本,不就相当于私人收益大于社会收益吗

2 个答案

Tina_品职助教 · 2023年09月20日

嗨,爱思考的PZer你好:


这两个是不一样的。

  1. 私人成本低于社会成本:这是负的外部性的一个标志。例如,一个工厂可能会排放污染物到河流中,导致附近的村庄的饮用水受到污染。这种污染可能不会对工厂的经营产生任何直接成本(私人成本),但对于那些不得不购买过滤水或搬到其他地方的村民来说,是有很大成本的(社会成本)。
  2. 私人收益大于社会收益:这是正的外部性的一个标志。例如,某人可能在他的院子里种植了一个花园,不仅为他自己带来美景和新鲜空气,还为邻居带来了美景。这个人只为自己的花园付费(私人收益),但邻居也从这个花园中得到了收益,而不必为此付费(社会收益)。


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Tina_品职助教 · 2023年09月20日

嗨,努力学习的PZer你好:


答案解析中提到了B,但是它是在描述负的外部性,与选项B中描述的正的外部性是不符的。


A. Externalities can be due to environmental or social factors.

  • 这个选项是正确的。(负)外部性可以由于环境因素(例如污染)或社会因素(例如公司未支付最低工资)而产生。

B. When externalities are positive, private costs are lower than societal costs.

  • 这个选项是不正确的。当外部性为正时,私人效益大于社会效益,而非成本。而当外部性为负时,私人成本低于社会成本。答案解析中说的是关于负的外部性,而选项B是关于正的外部性。



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