这三个公式要求记住吗？

问题如下：

Selecteed information is taken from the GDP data of a hypothetical country.

Trade deficit (in $ trillions) for this country is closest to:

选项：

A.–66. B.–50. C.298

解释：

B is correct. The relationship between domestic savings, private investment, the fiscal balance, and the trade balance is given by S = I + (G – T) + (X – M), where

S = Domestic savings

I = Private investment

G = Government spending

T = Total government tax revenues

X = Exports

M = Imports

G – T = The government deficit

X – M = The trade deficit

The trade deficit will be (X – M) = (S – I) – (G – T).

For the hypothetical economy, the following is true:

Domestic savings (S) is given as 638.

Total private investment (I) = Business gross fixed investment + Change in inventories = 538 + (–16) = 522.

Total government spending (G) = Government spending + Government fixed investment = 666 + 118 = 784.

Tax on households = Personal income – Personal disposable income.

Net tax paid by households = Tax on households – Transfer payments to consumers.

Total government revenues (T) = Net tax paid by households + Other tax revenues = (2,456 – 1,930) – 348 + 440 = 618.

Net government spending (G – T) = Total government spending – Total government revenues = 784 – 618 = –166.

Trade deficit = (X – M) = (S – I) – (G – T) = (Total domestic saving – Total private investment) – Net government spending = (638 – 522) – 166 = –50.

中文解析：

B正确。国内储蓄、私人投资、财政平衡和贸易平衡之间的关系由S = I + (G - T) + (X - M)给出，其中

S =国内储蓄

I =私人投资

G =政府开支

T =政府税收总收入

X =出口

M =进口

G - T =政府赤字

贸易赤字

贸易逆差为(X - M) = (S - I) - (G - T)。

对于假设的经济，以下是正确的:

国内储蓄(S)为638。

私人投资总额(I) =企业固定投资总额+存货变动= 538 +(-16)= 522。

政府总支出(G) =政府总支出+政府固定投资= 666 + 118 = 784。

家庭税=个人收入-个人可支配收入。

家庭缴纳的净税金=家庭缴纳的税金-对消费者的转移支付。

政府总收入(T) =家庭纳税净额+其他税收=(2,456 - 1,930)- 348 + 440 = 618。

政府净支出(G - T) =政府总支出-政府总收入= 784 - 618 = - 166。

贸易逆差= (X - M) = (S - I) - (G - T) =(国内储蓄总额-私人投资总额)-政府净支出=(638 - 522)- 166 = - 50。