劳动力增长率和人口增长率

问题如下：

Using the specified growth accounting equation, which is the most appropriate conclusion Birol can make from his data on trends in the economy?

选项：

A.Daltonia’s economy is performing at a steady state rate of growth.

B.Output per worker is falling.

C.GDP growth is primarily driven by labor.

解释：

C is correct. The components of growth can be determined using Solow’s growth accounting equation: ΔY/Y = ΔA/A + αΔK/K + (1 − α)ΔL/Lwhere:

ΔY/Y = GDP percentage growth

ΔA/A = percentage growth from total factor productivity (TFP)

ΔK/K = percentage growth in capital

ΔL/L = percentage growth in labor

α = share of income paid to capital factor

1 – α = share of income paid to labor factor, also the elasticity of output with respect to labor

TFP = Labor productivity growth – Growth in capital deepening = 1.7 – 2.3 = –0.6, which is given in Exhibit 1. Also given, 1 – α = 0.65 and α = 0.35

Growth due to labor of 2.21% is greater than the growth due to capital or TFP.

A is incorrect. Once the economy reaches steady state growth, capital deepening cannot be a source of sustained growth in the economy.

B is incorrect. Output per worker is rising since GDP growth of 3.75% is greater than population growth of 3.4%.

中文解析：

C是正确的。增长的组成部分可以使用索洛的增长核算方程来确定:ΔY/Y = ΔA/A + αΔK/K +(1−α)ΔL/ l其中:

ΔY/Y = GDP增长率

ΔA/A =全要素生产率(TFP)增长百分比

ΔK/K =资本增长率

ΔL/L =劳动力增长率

α =支付给资本要素的收入份额

1 - α =支付给劳动要素的收入份额，也是产出相对于劳动的弹性

TFP =劳动生产率增长-资本深化增长= 1.7 - 2.3 = - 0.6，见表1。另外，1 - α = 0.65， α = 0.35

劳动力增长2.21%，高于资本或全要素生产率的增长。

A是不正确的。一旦经济达到稳定增长状态，资本深化就不可能成为经济持续增长的来源。

选项B不正确。人均产出在上升，因为3.75%的GDP增长大于3.4%的人口增长。