NO.PZ2021052601000018
问题如下：
A decrease in both the labor force participation ratio and the unemployment rate is most likely caused by:
选项：
A.an increase in discouraged workers. B.an increase in underemployed workers. C.a decrease in voluntarily unemployed persons.解释：
A is correct. Discouraged workers have given up seeking employment and are statistically outside the labor force. Therefore, an increase in discouraged workers will decrease the labor force and thus the labor participation ratio, which is the ratio of labor force to total working age population. Additionally, an increase in discouraged workers will decrease the unemployment rate because discouraged workers are not counted in the official unemployment rate.
灰心丧气的工人放弃了找工作，统计数据显示他们不在劳动力大军之中。因此，这类工人的增加会降低劳动力，从而降低劳动参与率，即劳动力与总劳动年龄人口的比率下降。此外，此类工人的增加将降低失业率，因为它们不计入官方失业率。
适龄人口有三部分，分别是labor force、unemployeed 和underemployeed（这三个应该是平行关系吧？）
1) 气馁人口从labor force、unemployeed 中流失掉了。所以失业率、参与率都下降
2) 自愿失业人口是labor force 人口流失到unemployee，所以只有参与率下降
3）underemployee变动，失业率、参与率的变化不好说
不知道我理解的对不对
