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一只🐶哆啦 · 2022年08月12日

第一个问题。为啥必须用算术平均而不是几何平均,我的思路是先算五年总收益开五次跟号转换年化,请老师指正一下我的错误根本原因是哪个点

NO.PZ2015121802000021

问题如下:

Calculate the standard deviation of annual returns on an investment based on the following chart:

选项:

A.

1.2%.

B.

4.44%.

C.

19.7%.

解释:

B is correct.

Mean annual return = (4% - 3% - 4% + 3% + 6%) / 5 = 1.2%

Squared deviations from the mean:

4%-1.2%=2.8%      (2.8%)2= 7.84

-3% -1.2% = -4.2%   (-4.2%)2 = 17.64

-4% -1.2% = -5.2%   (-5.2%)2 = 27.04

3% -1.2% =1.8%    (1.8%2= 3.24

6% -1.2% = 4.8%    (4.8%) 2= 23.04

Sum of squared deviations = 7.84 + 17.64 + 27.04 + 3.24+ 23.04 = 78.8

Sample variance = 78.8/(5 - 1) = 19.7

Sample standard deviation = 19.71/2= 4.44%

第二个问题,为啥sample是除以n-1,数量学科有这个公式但太久了记不清了,谢谢老师

1 个答案
已采纳答案

Kiko_品职助教 · 2022年08月13日

嗨,从没放弃的小努力你好:


1.同学你好,这道题求的是标准差。计算标准差时候的mean,都用算术平均。这是约定俗成的计算方法。

2.这个问题最好还是记住。

样本方差计算公式里分母为n-1的目的是为了让方差的估计是无偏的。

原因解释

1、设若总体数据已知,则该总体的数字特征不存在推测的问题,只存在描述的问题,是故总体方差计算公式中的除数应为“N”。

2、以“n-1”为除数的样本方差计算公式是总体方差的无偏估计值计算式。

3、以“n”为除数的样本方差计算公式是总体方差的渐近无偏估计值计算式。

4、如果只是要描述样本数据间的离散程度,则样本方差计算公式中的除数应为“n”。

5、当n足够大的时候,不必太在意样本方差计算公式中除数的这两种不同的选择。

6、在多数场合,习惯上总是采用以“n-1”为除数的样本方差计算方式。

----------------------------------------------
努力的时光都是限量版,加油!

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