NO.PZ2021052601000018
问题如下:
A decrease in both the labor force participation ratio and the unemployment rate is most likely caused by:
选项:
A.an increase in discouraged workers. B.an increase in underemployed workers. C.a decrease in voluntarily unemployed persons.解释:
A is correct. Discouraged workers have given up seeking employment and are statistically outside the labor force. Therefore, an increase in discouraged workers will decrease the labor force and thus the labor participation ratio, which is the ratio of labor force to total working age population. Additionally, an increase in discouraged workers will decrease the unemployment rate because discouraged workers are not counted in the official unemployment rate.
灰心丧气的工人放弃了找工作,统计数据显示他们不在劳动力大军之中。因此,这类工人的增加会降低劳动力,从而降低劳动参与率,即劳动力与总劳动年龄人口的比率下降。此外,此类工人的增加将降低失业率,因为它们不计入官方失业率。
劳动参与率 = 劳动力/劳动适龄人口
因为劳动适龄人口总数是在短期不会有显著变化,因此劳动参与率下降,就意味着劳动力下降。
如果气馁工人数量增加,因为气馁工人已经放弃了找工作,因此,不属于失业人员,也不属于劳动力。
那么按照这个解释,气馁工人降低劳动参与率的原因是不是因为,他不属于劳动力,但又是劳动适龄人口,分母变大,总体变小啊