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jacqie · 2022年05月26日

2个问题

NO.PZ2020021204000049

问题如下:

Suppose that the six-month Libor rate is 5%, the forward Libor rate for the period between 0.5 and 1.0 year is 5.6% and the forward Libor rate for the period between 1.0 and 1.5 years is 6.0. The two-year Libor swap rate is 5.7%. All risk-free rates are 4.5%. What is the forward Libor rate for the period between 1.5 and 2.0 years? All rates are expressed with semi-annual compounding.

选项:

解释:

A swap where 5.7% is paid and Libor is received is worth zero. Per 100 of principal, first FRA is worth:

0.5  X  (0.05    0.057)  X  1001  +  0.045/2\frac{0.5\;X\;(0.05\;-\;0.057)\;X\;100}{1\;+\;0.045/2}= -0.342

The second FRA is worth:

0.5  X  (0.056    0.057)  X  100(1  +  0.045/2)2\frac{0.5\;X\;(0.056\;-\;0.057)\;X\;100}{{(1\;+\;0.045/2)}^2}= -0.048

The third FRA is worth:

0.5  X  (0.060    0.057)  X  100(1  +  0.045/2)3\frac{0.5\;X\;(0.060\;-\;0.057)\;X\;100}{{(1\;+\;0.045/2)}^3}

= 0.14

If the required forward rate is R then:

0.5  X  (R    0.057)  X  100(1  +  0.045/2)4\frac{0.5\;X\;(R\;-\;0.057)\;X\;100}{{(1\;+\;0.045/2)}^4}- 0.342 - 0.048 + 0.140 = 0

This can be solved to give R = 0.0625. The forward rate for the period between 1.5 and 2.0 years is 6.25% (semiannually compounded).

1、为什么用无风险利率折现?,固定利率产生的现金流折现不是应该用浮动利率么?

2、为什么不能直接这么算:(1+5%/2)(1+5.6%/2)(1+6%/2)(1+X/2)=(1+5.7%/2) 4 

这样算出来X=6.2%

现金流不就是应该为了各期利率相乘和YTM一致一样的道理么?

2 个答案

李坏_品职助教 · 2022年06月06日

嗨,从没放弃的小努力你好:


你说的那个计算方法,直接用四个半年期利率去推算远期利率,前提是这期间不发生现金流,利息最后一次结清。但对于swap来说,它是每隔一段时间都会发生现金流的,这部分现金流再往前折现和往后算终值的时候都是需要用到无风险利率的,就不符合远期利率的公式了。

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就算太阳没有迎着我们而来,我们正在朝着它而去,加油!

李坏_品职助教 · 2022年05月26日

嗨,从没放弃的小努力你好:


思路是:在swap签订的t=0时刻,让FRA合约的value=0这个思路来计算的,这个合约在t=0.5,t=1,t=1.5 t=2.0四个时刻都会产生现金流。


以t=0.5时刻为例,因为pay fixed,receive libor ,所以当时的现金流情况应该是(5%/2-5.7%/2)×100,因为这个现金流是发生在t=0.5时刻,所以需要对他进行折现到t=0时刻,因为有((5%/2-5.7%/2)×100)/(1+4.5%/2)=-0.342. 这里是从0.5时刻折现到0时刻,用无风险利率折现。浮动利率是在0.5时刻才确定的,所以不能用浮动利率折现。后面t=1,t=1.5 t=2.0也按照这个思路来计算,这几个值在t=0时刻加起来应该为0,所以可解方程,得到题目中的结果。

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虽然现在很辛苦,但努力过的感觉真的很好,加油!

Eric_Yi · 2022年06月05日

可不可以再解释一下为什么不能用FRA估算forward rate的原理,4个半年期的复利等于(1+5.7%/2)^4这样推算1.5到2的利率为6.2%呢?

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NO.PZ2020021204000049问题如下Suppose ththe six-month Libor rate is 5%, the forwarLibor rate for the periobetween 0.5 an1.0 yeis 5.6% anthe forwarLibor rate for the periobetween 1.0 an1.5 years is 6.0. The two-yeLibor swrate is 5.7%. All risk-free rates are 4.5%. Whis the forwarLibor rate for the periobetween 1.5 an2.0 years? All rates are expressewith semi-annucompounng.p.p1 {margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 8.5px Helveticcolor: #443e44}span.s1 {color: #4869}span.s2 {color: #65544b}span.s3 {color: #2f496b}A swwhere 5.7% is paianLibor is receiveis worth zero. Per 100 of principal, first FRA is worth:0.5  X  (0.05  −  0.057)  X  1001  +  0.045/2\frac{0.5\;X\;(0.05\;-\;0.057)\;X\;100}{1\;+\;0.045/2}1+0.045/20.5X(0.05−0.057)X100​= -0.342The seconFRA is worth:0.5  X  (0.056  −  0.057)  X  100(1  +  0.045/2)2\frac{0.5\;X\;(0.056\;-\;0.057)\;X\;100}{{(1\;+\;0.045/2)}^2}(1+0.045/2)20.5X(0.056−0.057)X100​= -0.048The thirFRA is worth:0.5  X  (0.060  −  0.057)  X  100(1  +  0.045/2)3\frac{0.5\;X\;(0.060\;-\;0.057)\;X\;100}{{(1\;+\;0.045/2)}^3}(1+0.045/2)30.5X(0.060−0.057)X100​= 0.14If the requireforwarrate is R then:0.5  X  (R  −  0.057)  X  100(1  +  0.045/2)4\frac{0.5\;X\;(R\;-\;0.057)\;X\;100}{{(1\;+\;0.045/2)}^4}(1+0.045/2)40.5X(R−0.057)X100​- 0.342 - 0.048 + 0.140 = 0This csolveto give R = 0.0625. The forwarrate for the periobetween 1.5 an2.0 years is 6.25% (semiannually compoun.p.p1 {margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 9.5px Helveticcolor: #443f46}p.p2 {margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 9.5px Helveticcolor: #453f47}p.p3 {margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 9.5px Helveticcolor: #484047}p.p4 {margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 9.5px Helveticcolor: #463f46}p.p5 {margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 9.5px Helveticcolor: #453e45}p.p6 {margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 9.5px Helveticcolor: #3f3945}p.p7 {margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 9.5px Helveticcolor: #4435}p.p8 {margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 9.5px Helveticcolor: #46434b}p.p9 {margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 9.5px Helveticcolor: #473f45}p.p10 {margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 9.5px Helveticcolor: #4b4247}p.p11 {margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 9.5px Helveticcolor: #4c474e}p.p12 {margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 9.5px Helveticcolor: #464247}span.s1 {color: #4b6f}span.s2 {color: #67564span.s3 {color: #635f67}span.s4 {color: #7f7b7b}span.s5 {color: #635251}span.s6 {color: #435263}span.s7 {color: #6f6b69}span.s8 {color: #615456}span.s9 {color: #7f7b7f}span.s10 {color: #6b6b6b}span.s11 {font: 6.0px Helvetica}span.s12 {color: #615454}span.s13 {color: #7f7f7f}span.s14 {color: #5c5b65}span.s15 {font: 9.0px Helvetica}span.s16 {color: #6f6b73}span.s17 {color: #7b7span.s18 {color: #4e5c70}那里有呢,沒有印象呢

2024-04-03 00:55 1 · 回答

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2023-03-07 14:36 1 · 回答

NO.PZ2020021204000049 问题如下 Suppose ththe six-month Libor rate is 5%, the forwarLibor rate for the periobetween 0.5 an1.0 yeis 5.6% anthe forwarLibor rate for the periobetween 1.0 an1.5 years is 6.0. The two-yeLibor swrate is 5.7%. All risk-free rates are 4.5%. Whis the forwarLibor rate for the periobetween 1.5 an2.0 years? All rates are expressewith semi-annucompounng.p.p1 {margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 8.5px Helveticcolor: #443e44}span.s1 {color: #4869}span.s2 {color: #65544b}span.s3 {color: #2f496 A swwhere 5.7% is paianLibor is receiveis worth zero. Per 100 of principal, first FRA is worth:0.5  X  (0.05  −  0.057)  X  1001  +  0.045/2\frac{0.5\;X\;(0.05\;-\;0.057)\;X\;100}{1\;+\;0.045/2}1+0.045/20.5X(0.05−0.057)X100​= -0.342The seconFRA is worth:0.5  X  (0.056  −  0.057)  X  100(1  +  0.045/2)2\frac{0.5\;X\;(0.056\;-\;0.057)\;X\;100}{{(1\;+\;0.045/2)}^2}(1+0.045/2)20.5X(0.056−0.057)X100​= -0.048The thirFRA is worth:0.5  X  (0.060  −  0.057)  X  100(1  +  0.045/2)3\frac{0.5\;X\;(0.060\;-\;0.057)\;X\;100}{{(1\;+\;0.045/2)}^3}(1+0.045/2)30.5X(0.060−0.057)X100​= 0.14If the requireforwarrate is R then:0.5  X  (R  −  0.057)  X  100(1  +  0.045/2)4\frac{0.5\;X\;(R\;-\;0.057)\;X\;100}{{(1\;+\;0.045/2)}^4}(1+0.045/2)40.5X(R−0.057)X100​- 0.342 - 0.048 + 0.140 = 0This csolveto give R = 0.0625. The forwarrate for the periobetween 1.5 an2.0 years is 6.25% (semiannually compoun.p.p1 {margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 9.5px Helveticcolor: #443f46}p.p2 {margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 9.5px Helveticcolor: #453f47}p.p3 {margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 9.5px Helveticcolor: #484047}p.p4 {margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 9.5px Helveticcolor: #463f46}p.p5 {margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 9.5px Helveticcolor: #453e45}p.p6 {margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 9.5px Helveticcolor: #3f3945}p.p7 {margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 9.5px Helveticcolor: #4435}p.p8 {margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 9.5px Helveticcolor: #46434b}p.p9 {margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 9.5px Helveticcolor: #473f45}p.p10 {margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 9.5px Helveticcolor: #4b4247}p.p11 {margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 9.5px Helveticcolor: #4c474e}p.p12 {margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 9.5px Helveticcolor: #464247}span.s1 {color: #4b6f}span.s2 {color: #67564span.s3 {color: #635f67}span.s4 {color: #7f7b7b}span.s5 {color: #635251}span.s6 {color: #435263}span.s7 {color: #6f6b69}span.s8 {color: #615456}span.s9 {color: #7f7b7f}span.s10 {color: #6b6b6b}span.s11 {font: 6.0px Helvetica}span.s12 {color: #615454}span.s13 {color: #7f7f7f}span.s14 {color: #5c5b65}span.s15 {font: 9.0px Helvetica}span.s16 {color: #6f6b73}span.s17 {color: #7b7span.s18 {color: #4e5c70} 分子就是浮动和固定的利率差 * 本金,那0.5是什么呢。

2023-03-06 12:29 1 · 回答

NO.PZ2020021204000049 问题如下 Suppose ththe six-month Libor rate is 5%, the forwarLibor rate for the periobetween 0.5 an1.0 yeis 5.6% anthe forwarLibor rate for the periobetween 1.0 an1.5 years is 6.0. The two-yeLibor swrate is 5.7%. All risk-free rates are 4.5%. Whis the forwarLibor rate for the periobetween 1.5 an2.0 years? All rates are expressewith semi-annucompounng.p.p1 {margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 8.5px Helveticcolor: #443e44}span.s1 {color: #4869}span.s2 {color: #65544b}span.s3 {color: #2f496 A swwhere 5.7% is paianLibor is receiveis worth zero. Per 100 of principal, first FRA is worth:0.5  X  (0.05  −  0.057)  X  1001  +  0.045/2\frac{0.5\;X\;(0.05\;-\;0.057)\;X\;100}{1\;+\;0.045/2}1+0.045/20.5X(0.05−0.057)X100​= -0.342The seconFRA is worth:0.5  X  (0.056  −  0.057)  X  100(1  +  0.045/2)2\frac{0.5\;X\;(0.056\;-\;0.057)\;X\;100}{{(1\;+\;0.045/2)}^2}(1+0.045/2)20.5X(0.056−0.057)X100​= -0.048The thirFRA is worth:0.5  X  (0.060  −  0.057)  X  100(1  +  0.045/2)3\frac{0.5\;X\;(0.060\;-\;0.057)\;X\;100}{{(1\;+\;0.045/2)}^3}(1+0.045/2)30.5X(0.060−0.057)X100​= 0.14If the requireforwarrate is R then:0.5  X  (R  −  0.057)  X  100(1  +  0.045/2)4\frac{0.5\;X\;(R\;-\;0.057)\;X\;100}{{(1\;+\;0.045/2)}^4}(1+0.045/2)40.5X(R−0.057)X100​- 0.342 - 0.048 + 0.140 = 0This csolveto give R = 0.0625. The forwarrate for the periobetween 1.5 an2.0 years is 6.25% (semiannually compoun.p.p1 {margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 9.5px Helveticcolor: #443f46}p.p2 {margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 9.5px Helveticcolor: #453f47}p.p3 {margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 9.5px Helveticcolor: #484047}p.p4 {margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 9.5px Helveticcolor: #463f46}p.p5 {margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 9.5px Helveticcolor: #453e45}p.p6 {margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 9.5px Helveticcolor: #3f3945}p.p7 {margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 9.5px Helveticcolor: #4435}p.p8 {margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 9.5px Helveticcolor: #46434b}p.p9 {margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 9.5px Helveticcolor: #473f45}p.p10 {margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 9.5px Helveticcolor: #4b4247}p.p11 {margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 9.5px Helveticcolor: #4c474e}p.p12 {margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 9.5px Helveticcolor: #464247}span.s1 {color: #4b6f}span.s2 {color: #67564span.s3 {color: #635f67}span.s4 {color: #7f7b7b}span.s5 {color: #635251}span.s6 {color: #435263}span.s7 {color: #6f6b69}span.s8 {color: #615456}span.s9 {color: #7f7b7f}span.s10 {color: #6b6b6b}span.s11 {font: 6.0px Helvetica}span.s12 {color: #615454}span.s13 {color: #7f7f7f}span.s14 {color: #5c5b65}span.s15 {font: 9.0px Helvetica}span.s16 {color: #6f6b73}span.s17 {color: #7b7span.s18 {color: #4e5c70} 假设本金100,每期固定coupon 2.85,那么2.85/(1+5%/2)+2.85/(1+5.6%/2) 2 +2.85/(1+6%/2) 3 +102.85/(1+X/2) 4 =100倒算X,为什么不可以?

2022-05-26 01:51 1 · 回答