NO.PZ2023091701000164
问题如下：
An operational risk manager is presenting to a group of risk analysts about different techniques to model operational risk. An analyst asks the manager about the appropriate use of the power law in estimating operational losses. Which of the following would be a correct statement for the manager to make about the use of the power law?
选项：
A.It implies that operational losses tend to follow a normal distribution.
B.It is more effective in modeling some types of operational risk, such as losses from fraud, than others, such as losses from natural disasters.
C.It is generally used to estimate routine operational losses which occur at a relatively high frequency.
D.It is suitable for modeling the tail of the operational loss distribution, but not for modeling the body of the distribution.
解释：
If v is the value of a random variable and x is a high value of v, then the power law holds it is approximately true that: Pr(v > x) ≈ Kx-α
where Pr denotes probability and K and α are parameters. The power law only describes the right tail of the distribution (not the whole distribution). That is why the equation above is approximately true only for high values of x.
A is incorrect. Operational losses do not follow a normal distribution, nor does the use of the power law in connection with a random variable suggest that the random variable is normally distributed.
B is incorrect. The power law has been shown to be applicable to a wide range of distributions, relating to events including natural disasters (i.e., the magnitude of earthquakes). The power law is no less appropriate for modeling operational losses from natural disasters than those from fraud or other sources.
C is incorrect. These losses occur in the body of the distribution so are unlikely to be modeled using the power law. These losses are not considered extreme events.
是想说power law适用自然灾害和欺诈？
