NO.PZ2022071403000021
问题如下：
A small startup company produces packages of ingredients and recipes for meals delivered to clients’ homes and targets local young urban workers. After enjoying quick early success and operating profits, it decided to expand into other regions in the country and other demographic segments
Senior management believed the key to the company’s success was to source local foods and cater to local tastes; therefore, for each new city the company entered, it set up an assembly facility and hired a manager, a sales team, and a production manager who operated with autonomy. Two years after starting its expansion plans, the company found that sales had grown as expected and operating margins were positive but lower than before expansion. Which of the following economic scenarios most likely describes the company’s results to date? The company:
选项：
A.has yet to reach its breakeven volume. B.is suffering from diseconomies of scale. C.has reached its minimum efficient scale.解释：
Solution
B is correct. The company is most likely suffering from diseconomies of scale. It is having to duplicate all costs in each location, and by targeting different demographics, it has added additional costs for inputs and marketing. Therefore, the company’s fixed costs have increased faster than output, and the economic result is diseconomies of scale.
A is incorrect. Breakeven is the point where total revenues equal total costs and hence operating profit is zero. The company’s operating margins are positive; therefore, it is operating above breakeven.
C is incorrect. The minimum efficient scale is the minimum point on the long-run average cost curve. Since profits are lower than before the expansion, the company is not yet operating at the least-cost point.
中文解析：
B正确。该公司很可能正遭受规模不经济的困扰。它必须在每个地点重复所有成本，并且由于针对不同的人口统计，它增加了投入和营销的额外成本。因此，公司的固定成本的增长速度快于产量的增长，其经济结果是规模不经济。
A不正确。盈亏平衡是指总收入等于总成本，因此营业利润为零。该公司的营业利润率为正;因此，它的运营处于盈亏平衡之上。
C是不正确的。最小有效规模是长期平均成本曲线上的最小点。由于利润低于扩张前，公司还没有达到最低成本点。
如题
