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骑车打伞不太稳 · 2023年05月28日

关于本题中企业发行债券的理解问题

NO.PZ2018123101000086

问题如下:

Exhibit 1 shows par, spot, and one-year forward rates.

Bond 4 is a fixed-Rate Bonds of Alpha Corporation, with 1.55% annual coupon and callable at par without any lockout periods. The bond maturity is 3 years.

Based on the information above, the value of the embedded option in Bond 4 is closest to:

选项:

A.

nil.

B.

0.1906.

C.

0.3343.

解释:

C is correct.

考点:考察对含权债券的理解

解析:

债券4是可Callable。其价值为:

Value of callable bond = value of straight bond – value of call option on bond

因此,Embedded call option的价值为:

Value of call option on bond = Value of straight bond – Value of callable bond

利用Spot rate对该Straight bond进行定价为:

1.55(1.0100)1+1.55(1.012012)2+101.55(1.012515)3=100.8789\frac{1.55}{{(1.0100)}^1}+\frac{1.55}{{(1.012012)}^2}+\frac{101.55}{{(1.012515)}^3}=100.8789

而Callable bond的定价需要使用1-year forward rate,将债券的现金流从最后一期开始,依次向前一个节点折现,以判断折现值是否会触发行权价;使用表格中的Forward rate对Callable bond进行定价:

因此Call option的Value为:100.8789-100.5446=0.3343

计算下来,企业发行债券的价格超过面值par100(为溢价发行),又嵌入了可以按100元call的option,感觉就好像企业用了一个比当前市场利率spot rate更高的利率来融资?(按照coupon rate 1.55%)一般而言除非企业特别急需用钱才会这样做吧?

1 个答案

pzqa31 · 2023年05月29日

嗨,爱思考的PZer你好:


不是这样的,callable bond是给发行人一个可以提前赎回债券的权利,发行人之所以会发行callable bond,主要原因是为了降低融资成本,如果未来市场利率下降,发行人可以提前还款,以一个更低的市场利率重新发行一个债券再融资。也可能是发行人预期短期内流动性压力会缓解(比如有销售回款,有现金流流入),那么就可以提前还款,节省利息支出。所以callable bond由于嵌入了一个对投资者不利的条款,就需要给投资者更高的补偿,所以会比同类型的straight bond卖的更便宜。

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虽然现在很辛苦,但努力过的感觉真的很好,加油!

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