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Ivana 🍭 · 2022年11月25日

老师 请问将资本化转为费用化时,多出的折旧费这题是100,000吧,那I/S中新加入的depreciation expense 是100,000吧,B/S中asset会减低depreciation expense100,000。那资本化和费用化的区别不是只相差这100,000嘛

NO.PZ2018062018000052

问题如下:

Company M purchased a $500,000 equipment with a 5-year useful life at the beginning of 2016, considering the salvage value is zero. The equipment was capitalized and depreciated on straight-line method. At the end of 2016, ending shareholders’ equity of company M is 15,000,000, the tax rate is 27%, net income is 900,000, no dividend is taken into account. All else equal, if the equipment were expensed rather than capitalized, company M's return on equity at the end of 2016 would be:

选项:

A.

6.3%.

B.

4.1%.

C.

5.6%.

解释:

B is correct.

If the equipment were expensed rather than capitalized, company M’s net income and shareholders’ equity would be $292,000 lower than before: ($500,000-$500,000/5)× (1-27%) = $292,000

ROE=Net  incomeShareholders  equity=900,000292,00015,000,000292,000=4.1%ROE=\frac{Net\;income}{Shareholder's\;equity}=\frac{900,000-292,000}{15,000,000-292,000}=4.1\%

老师 请问将资本化转为费用化时,多出的折旧费这题是100,000吧,那I/S中新加入的depreciation expense 是100,000吧,B/S中asset会减低depreciation expense100,000。那资本化和费用化的区别不是只相差这100,000嘛 为什么相差的差额需要500,000-100,000?

2 个答案

王园圆_品职助教 · 2022年11月28日

嗨,爱思考的PZer你好:


无论资产化还是费用化,都是针对的这里的“purchased a $500,000 equipment with a 5-year useful life"——这个机器

如果资本化,那就是期初确认50万资产,同时减少50万现金。使用一年后,折旧费用发生10万,资产减少10万,同时利润表减少10万折旧。由于折旧有税盾的作用,所以最后由于产生了折旧,所以少交了10*tax rate的税费——即实际这笔折旧值减少了10*(1-tax rate)的现金(B/S表)以及10*(1-tax rate)的利润(I/S表以及equity)


如果费用化,就是减少50万现金,同时确认50万费用。到年底由于费用也具有税盾的作用,实际可以少交50*tax rate的税费,也就节省了50*tax rate的现金支出——所以这笔费用化减少了50*(1-tax rate)的现金(B/S表)和50*(1-tax rate)的利润(I/S表以及equity)

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王园圆_品职助教 · 2022年11月25日

嗨,努力学习的PZer你好:


同学你好,资产如果资本化,由于折旧可以税前列支(税盾的作用),所以年末利润由于该资产减少了10*(1-t)(净利润结转为retained earning进入equity,即equity减少10*(1-t))

但是如果费用化,由于费用是税前列支的(税盾作用),就会减少50*(1-t)的利润(同上原理,equity减少50*(1-t))

以上两段做比较就会发现,费用化比资本化的NI和equity都会减少(50-10)*(1-t)

所以题目解析中的“ ($500,000-$500,000/5)× (1-27%) = $292,000“就是上面分析的最后结果,求解的是这个公司由于费用化而非资本化该资产后的利润以及Equity的变化值

知道这个变化值以后,新的ROE = (老的NI - 变化值)/(老的Equity - 变化值)即可得到答案

如果从资产的角度考虑,容易只考虑了资产账面价值的变化,却忽略了考虑由于折旧少交的税费(现金科目)的影响。所以建议同学直接从equity和NI 的角度思考更直观清晰

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Ivana 🍭 · 2022年11月28日

老师,我还是不太明白这题。请问这题资产化,费用化哪个费用,分别B/S和I/S中是如何变化的?

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NO.PZ2018062018000052问题如下Company M purchasea $500,000 equipment with a 5-yeuseful life the beginning of 2016, consiring the salvage value is zero. The equipment wcapitalizeanpreciateon straight-line metho the enof 2016, enng shareholrs’ equity of company M is 15,000,000, the trate is 27%, net income is 900,000, no vinis taken into account. All else equal, if the equipment were expenserather thcapitalize company M's return on equity the enof 2016 woulbe:A.6.3%.B.4.1%.C.5.6%. B is correct.If the equipment were expenserather thcapitalize company M’s net income anshareholrs’ equity woul$292,000 lower thbefore: ($500,000-$500,000/5)× (1-27%) = $292,000ROE=Net  incomeShareholr′s  equity=900,000−292,00015,000,000−292,000=4.1%ROE=\frac{Net\;income}{Shareholr's\;equity}=\frac{900,000-292,000}{15,000,000-292,000}=4.1\%ROE=Shareholr′sequityNetincome​=15,000,000−292,000900,000−292,000​=4.1% 为什么对NI的影响是减少了100000*(1-27%);1-27%是为什么

2023-08-01 19:38 1 · 回答

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2023-05-04 01:00 1 · 回答

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2023-01-30 23:49 1 · 回答

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