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mayduke · 2022年05月04日

C选项的正确打开方式

NO.PZ2018062007000075

问题如下:

If no cash is initially exchanged, a swap is comparable to a series of forward contracts when:

选项:

A.

the swap payments are variable.

B.

the combined value of all the forward contracts is zero.

C.

all the forward contracts have the same agreed- on price.

解释:

B is correct. When two parties engage in a series of forward contracts and initially agree on a price of FS0 (T), some of the forward contracts have positive values and some have negative values, but their combined value equals zero.

A is incorrect because for a swap, all payments are fixed and equal, not variable.

C is incorrect because forward prices are determined by the spot price and the net cost of carry, meaning that forward contracts expiring at different times will have different prices, not the same price.

中文解析:

我们之前学习的forward contract,在0时刻的value都是0,多个forward加总在一起也是0,但是swap这边其实会对每一个forward合约做一个变形,也就是老师课中所提到的off-market forward,使得每一个forward都调整到一样的价格,这就导致变形后的每一个forward在0时刻value不为零,有的是正的,有的是负的,但这些forward加总在一起的value和仍然是0。

C选项怎么描述可以变正确呢?分拆完的每节的forward在off-market后,使其价格都等于相同的price,这个不叫agreed-on price那叫什么呀?

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已采纳答案

Lucky_品职助教 · 2022年05月06日

嗨,爱思考的PZer你好:


C说的普通forward,如果说off-market forward,那么可以选。

首先比较容易的理解是互换中隐含的远期合约他们的到期时间是不同的,分别是第一个结算日,第二个结算日,第三个结算日……

因此按照无套利定价,拆分的每一份的远期合约都有自己的价格,即F=S(1+r)^T,因为T不同,所有这些合约的价格肯定是不等的。而且按照这种无套利定价原则定出来的价格是会使得每一份合约在期初的时候value等于0的。

但是我们知道互换只能有一个价格即FS0(n,T),所以为了使得期初的价值为0,于是每一份远期合约的价值就不会为0了,因此就有了off-market forward。

截图中说的就是对于这些off-market forward来说,他们的价格是被调整过的,都等于FS0(n,T),所以说是“the same”。但是互换中隐含的远期合约,不是被调整后的远期合约,他们的价格仍然是不等的。

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