unrealized gains and losses on non-monetary assets and liabilities

问题如下：

In response to the board’s second question, Templeton should reply that if the change is made, the consolidated financial statements for Consolidated Motors would begin to recognize:

选项：

realized gains and losses on monetary assets and liabilities.

realized gains and losses on non-monetary assets and liabilities.

unrealized gains and losses on non-monetary assets and liabilities.

解释：

C is correct.

If the functional currency were changed from the parent currency (US dollar) to the local currency (Canadian dollar), the current rate method would replace the temporal method. The temporal method ignores unrealized gains and losses on non-monetary assets and liabilities, but the current rate method does not.

考点：风险敞口exposure

解析：

题目问如果translation方法改变会怎么样，而且根据三个选项，能看出主要要判断的是monetary和non-monetary资产负债带来的gain/loss。

首先要判断这些gain or loss是realized还是unrealized；其次要判断如果从temporal method改成current rate method，那么translation gain/loss的来源又多了哪些资产和负债。

并表时产生的translation gain/loss都是unrealized gain/loss，因为这是由于并表产生的，并没有现实的收益或损失，所以AB选项说是realized，都不对。

再看是monetary还是non-monetary。我们要明确：之所以会有translation gain/loss，是因为有exposure，这个exposure对应的风险是汇率变化的风险。如果用historical rate转换的话，历史汇率是确定了的，因此也不会有不确定性导致的风险，所以风险的来源其实是current rate的不确定性，那么我们就需要看哪些资产和负债是用current rate转换的，在current rate method下，所有资产和负债都用current rate转换，所以都面临汇率变动的不确定性，因此current rate method的exposure=TA-TL，而temporal method下只有monetary资产和负债采用current rate转换，因此temporal method的exposure=MA-ML，也就是说在temporal method中，面临汇率变化不确定性风险的只有MA和ML，non-monetary的资产和负债的转换没有汇率变化风险，也就不产生translation gain/loss，因此从temporal method变成current rate method后，会报告non-monetary的资产和负债产生的translation gain/loss。选项C正确。