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acclimatise · 2025年06月29日

sales-type和direct financing 的关于收入的计量

NO.PZ2023081403000091

问题如下:

Q. Under US GAAP, a lessor’s reported revenues at lease inception will be highest if the lease is classified as:

选项:

A.a sales-type lease. B.an operating lease. C.a direct financing lease.

解释:

A is correct. A sales-type lease treats the lease as a sale of the asset, and revenue is recorded at the time of sale equal to the value of the leased asset. Under a direct financing lease, only interest income is reported as earned. Under an operating lease, revenue from lease receipts is reported when collected.

课程里讲的是lessor的GAAP下计量 sales-type和 IFRS的finance lease处理一样,都是计提一个lease receivable asset,等于未来interest income现值(因为是IRR折现,所以也相当于fair value),然后消去一个leased asset的账面价值,两者能够挤出来一个selling profit or loss. 这里面哪有revenue? 不是直接就全算在profit or loss里了吗?我理解revenue只有主营业务才是revenue,sales-type的意思是,把租赁当作是主营业务了?

direct financing的意思,我理解就是代买,相当于多少钱进的资产多少卖给lessee,也就是leased asset账面价值也是fair value,和lease receivable assets 相等,因为都是fair value,所以没有selling profit or loss。在这因为是finance融资,所以又不算做主营业务的revenue了?

我选错的原因是以为没有revenue的确认,只有资产的增加和减少,最多有个利润表的profit or loss。

不是只有operating lease才确认 operating income 吗? 而且operaing income其实严格说起来也不是revenue吧,revenue和cost of goods sold不是一套的,都算主营业务吗?operating income难道不算做other income里吗?答案说是分期的,所以每次支付才计提,所以不选。

1 个答案

王园圆_品职助教 · 2025年06月29日

同学你好,首先,这道题目已经不属于本年的考纲了,本身不要求掌握

其次,解析中的信息也就是助教能够获得的全部信息,因为原版书也没有更多解释给到我们了

以下仅为助教自己的理解,仅作参考

根据解析和何老师上课说的内容,sales-type相当于就是卖商品,这个融资租赁出去的资产确认的lease receivable asset本质就是应收账款,所以在确认应收账款lease receivable asset的时候,就同时确认了利润表里的revenue)——从而确认计账平衡

同时由于把该资产的账面价值销去就相当于是inventory价值转入COGS,所以这个相当于是inventory记录 - lease asset账面价值 同时 COGS + lease asset账面价值 ——从而实现记账平衡

既然是sales-type,说明公司主要就是卖这个融资租赁的机器的,所以融资租赁就是公司的主营业务

而 direct lease中出租人是怎么处理的,以及和sales-type有什么区别,老师没有讲,原版书也没有讲,同学有兴趣了解可以参考下面的网页链接,或者请教相关会计专业人士,助教没有权威回答这部分内容

Direct Financing Lease Journal Entries - ASC 842 Lessor


operating lease这里,助教的理解是如果一个服务型公司,那就是没有和revenue完全配套的COGS可以确认的,可能只有每期维护人员的固定工资是作为经营费用的部分计入的。而operating lease本质提供的就是一种服务,所以可以理解为是一种服务收入确认,也可以被认定为是主营业务的


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