NO.PZ2023071902000112
问题如下：
Question In the presence of a fiscal surplus and when private savings exceed investments, a country's exports are:
选项：
A.less than imports.
B.equal to imports.
C.greater than imports.
解释：
Solution
- Incorrect because with a fiscal surplus (T > G) and when private savings surpass investments (S > I), the country's exports are greater than its imports (X > M).
- Incorrect because when there's a fiscal surplus (T > G) and private savings exceed investments (S > I), the country's exports are greater than its imports (X > M).
- Correct, based on a foundational macroeconomic identity: X - M = (S - I) + (T - G). Here, X denotes exports, M represents imports, S is private savings, I stands for investments, T is net taxes after transfers, and G indicates governmental expenditure. This connection demonstrates that a trade surplus (X > M) aligns with a fiscal surplus (T > G), an excess of private savings over investments (S > I), or both. Hence, when a country has a fiscal surplus (T > G) and private savings exceed investments (S > I), its exports surpass its imports (X > M).
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错误，因为在财政盈余(T > G)和私人储蓄超过投资(S > I)的情况下，该国的出口大于进口(X > M)。
错误，因为当财政盈余(T > G)且私人储蓄超过投资(S > I)时，该国的出口大于进口(X > M)。
正确，基于一个基本的宏观经济恒等式:X - M = (S - I) + (T - G)。这里，X表示出口，M表示进口，S是私人储蓄，I代表投资，T是转移后的净税收，G表示政府支出。这种联系表明，贸易顺差(X > M)与财政盈余(T > G)、私人储蓄超过投资(S > I)或两者都是一致的。因此，当一个国家财政盈余(T > G)且私人储蓄超过投资(S > I)时，其出口超过进口(X > M)。
老师课上讲的那个公式是什么来着？
