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苏·Xu · 2023年04月10日

NO.PZ2016012102000134

问题如下:

Ted Ltd. recently purchased a manufactoring machine for $60,000, which is expected to generate annual cash inflow of $25,000 for six years. The firm will depreciate the machine over six years for accounting purpose. However, the tax authority estimates the machine's useful life of 5 years. Assume tax rate is 40%, and the machines has no salvage value. What is the taxes payable of Ted Ltd. in year 6 if straight-line method is used?

选项:

A.

$6,000.

B.

$5,200.

C.

$10,000.

解释:

C

In year 6, the machine has been fully depreciated for tax purpose. The taxable income is equal to cash inflow, $25,000.

Taxes payable in year 6=$25,000*40%=$10,000.

考点:递延所得税的计算

解析:题目问第六年的taxes payable ,也就是税务局口径下的所得税费用。

Income tax expense = Current tax expense + ΔDTL - ΔDTA

Current tax expense =Taxable income×Current tax rate


accounting base 和tax base 的数字指的是depreciable asset扣掉累积折旧的账面价值。第五年年末的时候,accounting base 账面价值还剩10000,tax base 账面已经是零,所以DTL算出来是4000,第六年年末的的时候accounting base和tax base都是零了,所以第六年就没有DTL了,也就是之前累积的DTL第六年实际上已经回转了。

前期税务局算的折旧费用多,公司交的税少,第六年的时候,税务局算的报表已经没有折旧费用了,所以算的应税所得就高了,公司应该交的税就高了,相当于是前期少交的税这一年要补交上了。所以第六年没有新增的DTL,反而是把以前攒下的DTL回转了,相当于△DTL就等于-4000,所以income tax expense是10,000-4,000=6000

第六年的current tax expense/taxes payable =25000×40%=10000

第六年的Income tax expense=10000+(-4000)=6000

会计上6年,税务局折旧按照5年算。这五年按照税务局的规定每年交税,为什么最后说是欠税务局的钱?5年这个就是税务局规定的,公司也按照税务局规定交税,何来最后欠税务局一说呢?

1 个答案

王园圆_品职助教 · 2023年04月10日

嗨,努力学习的PZer你好:


同学你好,本题的逻辑是:税务局的这个规定相当于是一种税收优惠政策,税务局和会计上的不一致就导致了DTL 和DTA,但是这种不一致总有一天是要归于一致的。

税法上按照5年折旧,产生每年税前费用60000/5 = 12000,从而导致前5年每年少交税 = 12000*40% = 4800

会计上按照6年折旧,产生每年税前费用 60000/6=10000,从而导致6年每年实际真的可以少交税 10000*40% = 4000

对比一下就知道前5年每年税法上比会计上可以更多的少交4800 - 4000 =800的税,所以第6年公司就应该要把前面少交的税还给税务局=800*5 = 4000——反映在税务局计算税费的时候,就是第6年因为税法上已经没有这个资产了,所以不能有相应的折旧费用的扣除,那当年税前利润就会比会计上更高,需要交给税务局的税费就会更多(这就相当于把欠税务局的钱还给税务局了)

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虽然现在很辛苦,但努力过的感觉真的很好,加油!

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